Types of interactions and their effects. Mutuality of interactions
Rodzaje oddziaływań i ich skutki. Wzajemność oddziaływań
Rodzaje oddziaływań w przyrodzie
to identify the types of interactions,
how to describe physical interactions and their effects in English,
familiar with English vocabulary pertaining the types of interactions and their effects.
We are constantly experiencing phenomena that are the result of interactions. Thanks to them, the glass is on the table, the planets of the Solar System have been going almost on unchanged track for billions of years, and the pieces of paper are attracted by the electrified plastic tube. How to classify the types of interactions and what are their consequences?
Types of interactions
We can divide the interactions into those:
a) requiring direct contact between bodies - direct interactions,
b) not requiring direct contact of the body - interacting at a distance.
Defining direct interactions
There are many different interactions around us, the presence of which we often do not realize. When we break branches for a bonfire, rub hands to warm up, kick a ball or raise an object, we deal with direct interactions, which include pulling, pushing, lifting, bending, twisting, tearing, stretching, squeezing, crushing, etc.
Defining long distance interactions
The falling apple is the result of the interaction between the Earth and the apple, but it is not caused by their direct contact. The similar phenomenon occurs when the compass needle points north or when the planets go around their Sun. If the bodies interact, but they are not in direct contact with each other, we say that there is a distance interaction between them.
Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/DMNBUTmkt
Presentation of electric interactions using the ebonite stick and paper scraps.
The electric fieldelectric field works at a distance; it does not require a direct contact of the interacting bodies.
ebonite stick, paper scraps, flannel cloth.
Intensively rub ebonite stick with a flanner cloth.
Bring together the amber and the scraps of paper.
The ebonite stick after rubbing with a flannel cloth attracts scraps of paper. Such interaction does not require direct contact.
Presentation of magnetic interactions.
Distance interaction occurs between permanent magnets.
a) two magnets (e.g. for attaching sticky notes to the refrigerator);
b) a magnetic needle on the stand or compass.
Study the interaction between a magnetic needle (or a magnetic needle suspended as an indicator of the northern geographic direction in the compass) and magnets.
The same kind of magnet poles repel each other and the different poles attract each other.
The N (north) pole of the magnet attracts the south pole of the magnetic needle, while the S (south) pole attracts the north pole of the magnetic needle. In the case of a magnetic needle and magnets, we deal with magnetic interactions. These are remote, long‑range interactions. The magnetic interactions can be attracting or repulsive ones.
Presentation of gravitational interactions.
GravitationGravitation does not require direct contact of the bodies. Gravitational interactions are long‑range interactions.
a) ball,
b) rope,
c) scissors.
Hang the ball on a rope.
Cut the rope.
Note:
Gravitation is connected with attractionattraction of bodies.
The ball was attracted by the Earth.
The gravitational interactions are observed here. They are long distance interactions.
Presentation of elastic interactions.
Elastic interactions require a direct contact of the body forcing the strain and the deformed body.
spring or tailor rubber.
Stretch the spring.
Stop stretching the spring. Then release one end of the spring.
After releasing one of the ends of the tensioned spring, it causes that the spring returns to its original size. It is the elastic interactions that make the body return to the original shape.
Interactions that cause the temporarily (not permanently) deformed body to return to its original shape are called elastic interactions. Such interactions need a direct contact between the interacting bodies.
Organize the following interactions into categories. For each interaction, select the appropriate category.
the Earth movement around the Sun, attracting or repelling magnets, pulling the hair through a comb, stretching the spring, crushing the car, kicking the ball, weightlifting, archery, rotation of the compass needle, attracting or repelling two molecules
| contact interaction | |
|---|---|
| long‑range interaction |
Summary
During the lesson three types of distant interactions have been introduced: gravitational, electrical and magnetic as well as one direct interaction i.e. elasticityelasticity.
Properties of gravitational interaction.
All bodies are affected by this kind of interaction.
This interaction is a long‑range interaction and its effect is the attractionattraction of the bodies only.
Examples of this interaction include: the falling of an apple on the ground (the Earth), the permanent attraction of the Moon in the orbit around the Earth.
Properties of electrical interaction.
This interaction is a distance interaction (long‑range effect).
The effect of this interaction is the repulsionrepulsion of electric charges that have the same sign and the attraction of electric charges that have the opposite sign.
Note: Charge is a specific property of matter. You will get to know its properties a bit later.
Properties of interactions in magnetic fieldmagnetic field
Magnetic interaction is observed between permanent magnets and bodies containing some metals e.g. iron (ferromagnetics).
The result of such interaction is the attractionattraction or repulsion of magnets or magnetic bodies containing iron.
An example of such interaction may be the indication of geographical directions by a compass needle.
The magnetic interaction is a distance interaction (long‑range effect).
Properties of elastic interactions.
Elastic interaction can be reversible or irreversible.
This interaction is related to the elastic force of the internal stress. This interaction is a direct interaction.
The effect of such interaction may be stretching of the string or its contraction.
Exercises
Philip and Charles conducted the following experiment. Electrified balloons were tossed up. The balloons were stuck to the ceiling. The boys gave an explanation of this phenomenon. Determine which explanations are true.
- Philip's explanation: The balloons were stuck to the ceiling because the ceiling attracted balloons. This was an electrical effect at a distance here.
- Charles's explanation: The balloons got stuck to the ceiling because the ceiling and the balloon had opposite charges. There was a dynamic effect of the interaction because the balloons changed their speed.
- Philip's explanation: The balloons were stuck to the ceiling because the ceiling does not attracted balloons. This was an electrical effect at a distance here.
- Charles's explanation: The balloons got stuck to the ceiling because the ceiling and the balloon had the same charges. There was a dynamic effect of the interaction because the balloons changed their speed.
Write how the iron bar will behave. Draw the force that acts on the magnet and the force that acts on the bar.
List in English the static and the dynamic effects that occur during the launch of a flare light.
Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly.
- przyciąganie - attraction
- grawitacja - gravitation
- grawitacyjny - gravitational
- elektryczny - elastic
- magnetyzm - magnetic
- magnetyczny - magnetism
- oddziaływanie - repulsion
- odpychanie - interaction
- electric
- interaction
- magnetic
- elastic
- magnetyczny
- elektryczny
- oddziaływanie
- grawitacyjny
- gravitational
- sprężysty
Glossary
przyciąganie
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wymowa w języku angielskim: attraction
oddziaływanie bezpośrednie
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wymowa w języku angielskim: contact interaction
sprężystość
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wymowa w języku angielskim: elasticity
pole elektryczne
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wymowa w języku angielskim: electric field
grawitacja
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
wymowa w języku angielskim: gravitation
oddziaływanie
pole magnetyczne
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
wymowa w języku angielskim: magnetic field
oddziaływanie na odległość
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
wymowa w języku angielskim: long‑range interactions
odpychanie
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
wymowa w języku angielskim: repulsion
siła naprężenia
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
wymowa w języku angielskim: tension force
Keywords
elasticityelasticity
electric fieldelectric field
gravitationgravitation
magnetic fieldmagnetic field