Topicm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528449000663_0Topic

Summary of material concerning work, power and energy

Levelm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

III. Energy. The student:

5) uses the principle of energy conservation to describe phenomena and the principle of the conservation of mechanical energy in calculations.

Timingm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Revising basic information concerning work, power and energy.

Key competencesm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Applies a definition of work and power in problem and accounting tasks.

2. He describes, for example, energy conversions, applying the principle of energy conservation.

3. Applies the principle of mechanical energy conservation in solving computational tasks.

Operational (detailed) goalsm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- describes, for example, energy conversions, applying the principle of energy conservation,

- applies the principle of mechanical energy conservation in solving computational tasks.

Methodsm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Flipped classroom.

2. Discussion and lecture.

Forms of workm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Student's individual work with the coursebook and on the Internet.

2. Working in groups on solving physics problem tasks.

Lesson stages

Introductionm363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528450127855_0Introduction

Answer the following questions:

1. How do we define work in physics?

2. How do we determine the power of the device?

3. Give the relationship between work and the change of mechanical energy.

4. What are simple machines for?

Procedurem363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528446435040_0Procedure

[Slideshow]

Definition:

Work is a physical quantity, which is a product of the force value and the value of the body displacement in the direction parallel to the direction of the force action:

W=Fs

where:
F - the value of force along the direction of the movement,
s – the displacement of the body.

The unit of work is joule [J]:

[J]=[N·m=kg·ms2·m=kg·m2s2]

To do workworkwork in a physical sense you should.

1. Apply force which is not equal to zero to the body.

2. The displacement of the body must be different from zero.

3. The direction of force cannot be perpendicular to the direction of the displacement of the body.

PowerpowerPower is a physical quantity expressed numerically as the quotient of workworkwork and the time in which it was done:

power=workdonetime

The formula is symbolically expressed as:

P=Wt

where:
P - powerpowerpower,
W - workworkwork done,
t - time in which the workworkwork was done.

Wat [W] is the unit of power:

[W]=[Js=N·ms=kg·ms·s2·m=kg·m2s3]

PowerpowerPower provides information about:

- what work is done per unit of time,

- how fast this job is done.

Simple machines are devices that allow you to perform a given work using forces of lower value.

From a physical point of view, simple machines only make it easier to do the work, but do not reduce the amount of energy needed to perform it.

Examples of simple machinessimple machinessimple machines:

- one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever,

- double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever,

- stationary blockstationary blockstationary block,

- windlasswindlasswindlass,

- movable blockmovable blockmovable block,

- inclined plane,

- screw or snail,

- pulley,

- gear,

- crank mechanism,

- a hydraulic press.

Definition:

A double‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on both sides of the fulcrum.m363de5c2ff44bd4f_1527752263647_0A double‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on both sides of the fulcrum.

Definition:

A one‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on one side of the fulcrum.m363de5c2ff44bd4f_1527752256679_0A one‑sided lever is a rigid rod supported at one point to which forces are applied on one side of the fulcrum.

Definition:

The windlass usually consists of a shaft with a radius r and a handle. The length of the handle arm R is greater than the radius r of the cylinder.m363de5c2ff44bd4f_1527712094602_0The windlass usually consists of a shaft with a radius r and a handle. The length of the handle arm R is greater than the radius r of the cylinder.

[Illustration 1]

Definition:

The stationary blockstationary blockstationary block is a disc that can rotate around a fixed axis. A rope is thrown through the disc, and it does not slip on the surface of the disc.

[Illustration 2]

Definition:

The movable blockmovable blockmovable block is a disc with a rope thrown around it that does not slide on the surface of the block, but it can move in the vertical direction and perform rotation.

[Illustration 3]

Energy:

EnergyenergyEnergy - scalar physical quantity characterizing the state of the physical system as its ability to perform work.

Energy occurs in various forms, e.g. kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, potential energy of elasticity, thermal energy, nuclear energy.

The principle of mechanical energy conservation is a special case of the general principle of energy conservation.

The principle of mechanical energy conservation can only be used if there is no resistance to movement.

EnergyenergyEnergy can only change its form, but it cannot be created or destroyed (the principle of energy conservationprinciple of energy conservationprinciple of energy conservation). For example, „energy production” in a coal‑fired powerpowerpower plant only means the transformation of chemical energy into electricity.

WorkworkWork is one of the ways of converting the energyenergyenergy of one type into another. One of the most important formulas in physics is the relationship between workworkwork and the change of energy.

Work is one of the ways of converting one form of energy into one another.

The work is equal to the energy change:

W=ΔE

The workworkwork done always equals the change of the energyenergyenergy of the system.

Definition:

The kinetic energy of the body is associated with a motion. The body with mass m moving at speed v has kinetic energy, which is calculated from the formula:

Ek=m·v22

An accelerating passenger car certainly has kinetic energyenergyenergy. A large truck moving at a slightly lower speed can have even greater kinetic energy because its weight is much greater than the weight of the passenger car.

Definition:

Potential (gravitational) energyenergyenergy.
This energy is related to the gravitational interaction between the body with mass m and the Earth (planet). This energy depends on the weight and height of the body and is expressed by the formula:

Ep=m·g·h

The constant g is called gravitational acceleration (acceleration of freefall) and its value for the Earth is g9,81ms2.

The value of gravitational acceleration for other planets or the Moon is different from the given value and e.g. for the Moon is g1,622ms2.

Definition:

The sum of the kinetic energyenergyenergy and the potential energy of a body is called mechanical energy.

Em=Ek+Ep

The principle of mechanical energy conservation is one of the most important principles in physics. It says that in the case of a system of bodies on which no external forces and no resistance forces act, the total mechanical energy of the system remains constant.

Lesson summarym363de5c2ff44bd4f_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

1. Most phenomena in nature are associated with energy changes. Energy can be transferred from one body to another (eg in the form of thermal energy) or change from one form to another (eg kinetic energy into potential energy, electricity into heat energy).

2. The force acting on the body performs work when: during the operation of this force, the body is displaced or deformed.

3. The power of the device is the quotient of the work and the time when it was made.

4. We say that the body system is capable of performing work if it has mechanical energy. The increase of the mechanical energy of the ΔE system is equal to the external forces exerted over this system ΔE=W.

Returning to the previous state, the system can (at the expense of its energy) perform work of the same value.

5. The energy unit is joule [J] and watts power [W].

6. We divide mechanical energy into: potential energy (gravity and elasticity) and kinetic energy. The potential energy of the body depends on its position relative to the other body with which it interacts. Potential energy of gravity changes when the distance of the body from the Earth changes. The potential energy of elasticity is related to the elastic deformation of the body.

7. If the bodies of the system interact only with gravitational forces or elasticity, and the external force does not work on it, then the total mechanical energy, ie the sum of the potential and kinetic energy of this system, does not change.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

double‑sided leverdouble‑sided leverdouble‑sided lever

energyenergyenergy

movable blockmovable blockmovable block

one‑sided leverone‑sided leverone‑sided lever

powerpowerpower

principle of energy conservationprinciple of energy conservationprinciple of energy conservation

simple machinessimple machinessimple machines

stationary blockstationary blockstationary block

windlasswindlasswindlass

workworkwork

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work1
work

praca

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wymowa w języku angielskim: work
power1
power

moc

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wymowa w języku angielskim: power
simple machines1
simple machines

maszyny proste

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wymowa w języku angielskim: simple machines
one‑sided lever1
one‑sided lever

dźwignia jednostronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: one‑sided lever
double‑sided lever1
double‑sided lever

dźwignia dwustronna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: double‑sided lever
stationary block1
stationary block

nieruchomy bloczek

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wymowa w języku angielskim: stationary block
windlass1
windlass

kołowrót

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wymowa w języku angielskim: windlass
movable block1
movable block

ruchomy bloczek

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energy1
energy

energia

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wymowa w języku angielskim: energy
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principle of energy conservation

zasada zachowania energii

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wymowa w języku angielskim: principle of energy conservation