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The principle of human dignity is the foundation for constitutional rights and freedoms. It is referred to twice in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland - in the preamble and article 30. Article 30 states that dignity is inherent (that is, resulting from having been born a human being) and inalienableinalienableinalienable (that is, one can not be depriveddeprivationdeprived of it). It is also inviolableinviolableinviolable and remains a source of freedom and human and civil rights. This article also imposes a dutyto impose (a duty)imposes a duty to respect and protect human dignity on public authorities.

It is impossible to formulate a precise legal definition of the concept of „dignity”, rather it is the subject of philosophical debates. However, there are some of the most important elements of this rule:

• the source of human dignity is the natural law, and thus it belongs to man regardless of whether the law explicitlyexplicitlyexplicitly refers to this principle;

• it is inalienable – a man cannot renounceto renouncerenounce it,

• it is inviolable – the legislator cannot abolishto abolishabolish, limit or suspendto suspendsuspend it,

• every man is entitled to it equally, regardless of sex, race, nationality, citizenship, education, religion or social position,

• it is the foundation of the constitutional order - other norms and values contained in this order must be referred to the principle of dignity.

Citizens' rights enshrinedenshrinedenshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

Limitations on the rights and liberties

The rights and freedoms of citizens in the modern world are subject to restrictions, among others due to the rights and freedoms of other people or other important public interest (e.g. state security). However, the scope of these restrictions cannot be the effect of arbitraryarbitraryarbitrary decisions of the authorities, but should result from existing legal regulations and be subject to parliamentary control.

Obligations of Polish citizens

The catalog of civic duties, enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, is relatively limited.

Keywords

human dignity, personal freedoms and rights (right to life, personal integrity, right to fair trial, right to privacy protection, freedom of movement, freedom of conscience and religion, freedom of speech), political rights and civil liberties (right to participate in public life, freedom of assembly, freedom of association), economic, social and cultural rights (right to property, rights at work, right to social security, right to health protection, right to education, right to information about the state and protection of the environment), limitations on the rights and liberties, obligations of Polish citizens

Glossary