bg‑azure

The picture below shows the moment of collecting a parcel delivered by a drone. Do you think it is science fiction or a remote future? You will be surprised to learn that it is already a reality in many parts of the world. You are going to read an article outlining applications of drones on a commercial scale. Pay attention as you will soon be a part of this reality.

Na poniższym zdjęciu widzisz moment odebrania przesyłki dostarczonej przez drona. Myślisz, że to kadr z filmu science fiction lub wciąż odległa przyszłość? Może cię to zaskoczy, ale to już rzeczywistość w wielu miejscach na świecie. Przeczytasz artykuł, z którego dowiesz się, do jakich celów drony są wykorzystywane na skalę komercyjną. Czytaj uważnie, bo to wkrótce będzie również twoja rzeczywistość.

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It’s awesome to have your pizza delivered to your doorstep within 10 minutes of ordering
Świetnie jest odebrać pizzę dostarczoną pod drzwi, w 10 minut od zamówienia
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.freepik.com [dostęp 27.02.2022], domena publiczna.
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Exercise 1
How much do you know about drones? Take the quiz and find out if you are ready for the new reality populated with drones. 1. Drones were originally developed for:
a) mail delivery
b) kids to play
c) military purposes
d) weather observation

2. The acronym UAV stands for:
a) Unbelievably Accelerating Vehicle
b) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
c) Uncontrollable Aerial Vehicle
d) Unmanned Aeroplane Velocipede

3. Since December 2020, if you want to fly a drone heavier than 250g or one that is fitted with a camera in Poland, you have to
a) register it.
b) do a special course.
c) pass an online test.
d) all of the above.

4. If you want to fly a hobbyist drone in Poland in the open category, you
a) can’t fly it higher than 120 metres above the ground.
b) have to inform the appropriate authorities about it.
c) have to wear a high-visibility vest.
d) can’t fly it any closer than 2 metres from other people.

5. How old do you have to be in Poland to register as a drone pilot?
a) 12
b) 13
c) 16
d) 18

6. What is the most common cause of drone accidents?
a) Drone’s defect
b) Bad weather
c) Battery failure
d) Human error

7. What’s the maximum payload an xFold Dragon H drone can carry?
a) 250kg
b) 375kg
c) 454kg
d) 585kg
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Read the text and do the exercise(s) below.

The Future Is Unmanned
Anna Posyniak-Dutka The Future Is Unmanned

I have recently visited my friends who have two sons aged 6 and 8. As it was the Christmas season, it behoved meit behoved me to [it behoves somebody to]it behoved me to bring some presents. The moment I entered their flat and an aircraftaircraftaircraft of indefinite colour and shape first whizzed past and hoveredhovered [hover]hovered above my head – “A drone” – as I was swiftly informed by the younger of the brothers, I realised how poor my choice of a gift was (giant colouring books – boring).

It starts early these days. If a 6‑year old can master the secrets of navigationnavigationnavigation and become a drone pilotdrone pilotdrone pilot, saying that the sky's the limit, is a well-hackneyedhackneyedhackneyed cliché. Anyway, preschoolers playing with cutting‑edge technologycutting‑edge technologycutting‑edge technology really got my attention so I started digging deeper to explore the topic of drones.

What I found out was a real eye‑openereye‑openereye‑opener. Many start‑ups strongly believe that the future of shippingshippingshipping is unmannedunmannedunmanned. With the global shortage of truck drivers (in the US 71% of transported goods are moved by trucks, which causes huge delays) and recent incidents of the main sea roads being blocked (the case of the Suez Canal blocked for almost a week by a container ship in March 2021) resulting in multi‑week delaysmulti‑week delays [multi‑week delay]multi‑week delays in deliveries, it is more and more often stated that it’s the air that should take over the burdenburdenburden of transporting commoditiescommodities [commodity]commodities. Those who subscribe to the ideasubscribe to the ideasubscribe to the idea point out innumerableinnumerableinnumerable advantages of this solution.

Apparently, this kind of service has been in high demandin high demandin high demand for quite a while. Drone operating companies specialised in on demand deliveryon demand deliveryon demand delivery have been mushroomingmushrooming [mushroom]mushrooming up around the world. They team up with well‑established companies to do home deliveries of their products. To give just a few examples, in New Zealand, a drone will deliver a Domino’s pizza right to your doorstep and in the United States, 7‑Eleven will send a drone if you need any over‑the‑counter medicinesover‑the‑counter medicines [over‑the‑counter medicine]over‑the‑counter medicines. UPS, one of the delivery giants, is working with a drone start‑up called Matternet to carry medicine and samples for testing there and backthere and backthere and back between hospitals and labs in North Carolina. I think it’s brilliant that they can get things done quickly and at the same time reduce terrestrial vehicle trafficreduce terrestrial vehicle trafficreduce terrestrial vehicle traffic.

Drones can travel at speeds of 40 to 60 mph, so companies operating locally promise to make a delivery within 10 minutes of you placing an order. You may not have enough time to walk to your front door if you started clicking in the back garden! As we have grown increasingly impatienthave grown increasingly impatient [grow impatient]have grown increasingly impatient and want things right away, I believe this commercial industrycommercial industrycommercial industry is going placesit is going places [go places]is going places soon! But it’s the delivery to remote areasremote areas [remote area]remote areas that will make many people’s lives so much easier. Not only is it a matter of convenience, but often a question of life and death when far‑flung villagesfar‑flung villages [far‑flung village]far‑flung villages are cut off from civilisation by severe weather conditions, such as floods or avalanches. The logisticslogisticslogistics of reaching such places in traditional ways would take days and might put many people’s lives at risk.

So much for time. I was astounded to learn that autonomous drone deliveryautonomous drone deliveryautonomous drone delivery ticks a few more boxesticks a few more boxes [tick boxes]ticks a few more boxes. Drone delivery companies pride themselves on the factpride themselves on the fact [pride oneself on the fact]pride themselves on the fact that they use electrically powered devices. Although I’m not easily convinced that something is green and I always ask where the original source of energy is, there is no denying that this means of delivery cuts emissionscuts emissions [cut emissions]cuts emissions and environmental costsenvironmental costs [environmental cost]environmental costs. Completing a flight by drone has a significantly smaller carbon footprint than driving the same parcel by truck.

Yet another aspect of this new industry is jobs. You may think it will lead to many people losing their jobs and being replaced by machines. It will probably happen as every progress brings reorganisations in the labour marketlabour marketlabour market. However, there is the second, much more promising side of this medal. The rapid development of the drone delivery network will require a whole new workforceworkforceworkforce of highly specialised professionals being able to operate the devices and manage the network. That makes me feel a bit less sad about my friends’ kids being more keen on their toy drones than my colouring books. After all they might be making their first steps in their careers in an emerging industryemerging industryemerging industry!

1 Źródło: Anna Posyniak-Dutka, dostępny w internecie: https://megadron.pl/pl/blog/nowe-przepisy-dronowe-2021-1601909309.html [dostęp 1.02.2022], https://www.pcmag.com/news/consumers-dont-have-privacy-concerns-over-drone-deliveries [dostęp 1.02.2022], https://whatnext.pl/modularny-dron-xfold/ [dostęp 1.02.2022], https://www.huffpost.com/archive/au/entry/why-being-a-drone-pilot-is-the-job-of-the-future_a_21463335 [dostęp 1.02.2022], licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 2
Read the text and answer the questions. Only one answer is correct in each question. 1. The author took a present with her because
a) she liked her friend’s kids.
b) it was a proper thing to do in that situation.
c) she knew the children liked books.
d) she wanted the children to spend more time colouring than playing with technology.

2. The author wanted to find out more about drones because
a) it’s a fast growing industry.
b) she was jealous of the children’s skills using them.
c) the toy she saw sparked her interest.
d) she wanted to become a drone pilot.

3. More drones should be used to transport cargo because
a) there are many start-ups already operating in this industry.
b) both road and sea transport face many problems nowadays.
c) there are many people who support the idea.
d) there are not enough container ships.

4. Drone operating companies
a) are being created in large numbers in many parts of the globe.
b) are being created as a result of the cooperation with companies which are popular on the market.
c) deliver their services mostly in the medical industry.
d) are especially popular in New Zealand because it’s hard to deliver pizza by road transport in this country.

5. The author believes that drone delivery companies will be very successful because
a) there are more and more cases of severe weather phenomena around the world.
b) drones don’t put people’s lives in danger.
c) more and more people move to places far away from cities.
d) people don’t want to wait long for their orders to be delivered.

6. How does the author feel at the end of the text?
a) less disappointed because she sees the potential of high-tech toys
b) hopeful that the children will get jobs in the tech industry
c) happy that the children will soon join the workforce
d) terrified that so many people will be substituted by machines
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 3

Study to the description of a street survey in which people were asked about their concerns connected with autonomous drone delivery. Drag the types of concerns people mentioned and match them with the percentage of people who expressed them.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe.
TRANSCRIPTazurewhite
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Send my parcel by drone. I’m ready for it! Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 10%, 2. 28%, 3. 35%, 4. 14%, 5. 13% What if heavy rain damages my parcel? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 10%, 2. 28%, 3. 35%, 4. 14%, 5. 13% I’m sure there will be a new type of thief specialising in taking down drones and stealing my parcels Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 10%, 2. 28%, 3. 35%, 4. 14%, 5. 13% What if my parcel gets misdelivered? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 10%, 2. 28%, 3. 35%, 4. 14%, 5. 13% I don’t want to be spied on by an army of drones! Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 10%, 2. 28%, 3. 35%, 4. 14%, 5. 13%
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4
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aircraft Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another hover Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another unmanned Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another in high demand Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another vehicle traffic Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another logistics Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another reduce errands Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another carry a payload Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another commercial industry Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. stay in the same place in mid-air, 2. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 3. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 4. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 5. movement of cars, planes, or other vehicles in a particular location, 6. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 7. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 4
Pair the text with the audio. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. to cut down on the number of matters one has to get done, 2. movement of cars, planes or other vehicles in a particular location, 3. stay in the same place in mid-air, 4. operating autonomously without a pilot or crew on board of the vehicle, 5. any kind of vehicle which can fly, 6. a kind of business whose purpose is to provide its products or services to as many customers as possible, 7. all actions taken to organise and manage an operation, for example the movement of certain goods, 8. needed in large quantities or by large groups of people, 9. to transport certain products from one location to another
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 5

Answer each question in 6‑7 sentences.

  1. Have you ever heard of drones being used for anything else than taking photos or recording videos? What for? What do you think about this technology?

  2. Would you like to learn how to pilot a drone? Why?/Why not?

  3. What concerns would you have if drones were to be used for home delivery on a daily basis?

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

aircraft
aircraft

/ ˈeəkrɑːft /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

statek powietrzny, samolot

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
autonomous drone delivery
autonomous drone delivery

/ ɔːˈtɒnəməs drəʊn dɪˈlɪvəri /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

dostawa dronem autonomicznym

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
burden
burden

/ ˈbɜːdn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

ciężar, brzemię

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
commercial industry
commercial industry

/ kəˈmɜːʃl̩ ˈɪndəstri /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

branża komercyjna

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
commodities [commodity]
commodities [commodity]

/ kəˈmɒdɪtɪz / / kəˈmɒdɪti /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

towary [towar]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cuts emissions [cut emissions]
cuts emissions [cut emissions]

/ kʌts ɪˈmɪʃn̩z / / kʌt ɪˈmɪʃn̩z /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

obniża emisję [obniżać emisję]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cutting‑edge technology
cutting‑edge technology

/ kʌtɪŋ edʒ tekˈnɒlədʒi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nowatorska technologia

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
drone pilot
drone pilot

/ drəʊn ˈpaɪlət /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pilot/pilotka drona

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
embrace
embrace

/ ɪmˈbreɪs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zgodzić się na coś entuzjastycznie

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
emerging industry
emerging industry

/ ɪˈmɜːdʒɪŋ ˈɪndəstri /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wschodząca branża

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
environmental costs [environmental cost]
environmental costs [environmental cost]

/ ɪnˌvaɪərənˈmentl̩ kɒsts / / ɪnˌvaɪərənˈmentl̩ kɒst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

koszty ponoszone przez środowisko [koszt ponoszony przez środowisko]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
errands [errand]
errands [errand]

/ ˈerəndz / / ˈerənd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

sprawy do załatwienia [sprawa do załatwienia]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
eye‑opener
eye‑opener

/ ˈaɪ əʊpənə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

objawienie, rewelacja

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
far‑flung villages [far‑flung village]
far‑flung villages [far‑flung village]

/ fɑː ˈflʌŋ ˈvɪlɪdʒɪz / / fɑː ˈflʌŋ ˈvɪlɪdʒ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

oddalone wioski [oddalona wioska]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
glitches [glitch]
glitches [glitch]

/ ˈɡlɪtʃəz / / ˈɡlɪtʃ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

usterki [usterka]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
hackneyed
hackneyed

/ ˈhæknɪd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

oklepany/oklepana

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
have grown increasingly impatient [grow impatient]
have grown increasingly impatient [grow impatient]

/ həv grəʊn ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli ɪmˈpeɪʃnt / / ɡrəʊ ɪmˈpeɪʃnt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

stali/stały się coraz bardziej niecierpliwi/niecierpliwe [stawać się niecierpliwym]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
hovered [hover]
hovered [hover]

/ ˈhɒvəd / / ˈhɒvə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

unosił/unosiła się w powietrzu [unosić się w powietrzu]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
in high demand
in high demand

/ ɪn ˌhaɪ dɪˈmɑːnd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

duży popyt na

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
innumerable
innumerable

/ ɪˈnjuːmərəbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

niezliczone

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
intercepted [intercept]
intercepted [intercept]

/ ˌɪntəˈseptɪd / / ˌɪntəˈsept /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przejęty/przejęta [przejąć]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
it behoved me to [it behoves somebody to]
it behoved me to [it behoves somebody to]

/ ˈɪt bɪˈhəʊvd miː tuː / / ˈɪt bɪˈhəʊvz ˈsʌmbədi tuː /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wypadało, żebym [wypada, żeby]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
it is going places [go places]
it is going places [go places]

/ ˈɪt ɪz ˌgəʊɪŋ ˈpleɪsɪz / / ˈɡəʊ ˈpleɪsɪz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

odniesie wkrótce sukces [odnieść sukces]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
justified [justify]
justified [justify]

/ ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd / / ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

uzasadniony/uzasadniona [uzasadniać]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
labour market
labour market

/ ˈleɪbə ˈmɑːkɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rynek pracy

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
logistics
logistics

/ ləˈdʒɪstɪks /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

logistyka

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
malfunctions [malfunction]
malfunctions [malfunction]

/ ˌmælˈfʌŋkʃn̩z / / ˌmælˈfʌŋkʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

awarie [awaria]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
multi‑week delays [multi‑week delay]
multi‑week delays [multi‑week delay]

/ ˈmʌlti wiːk dɪˈleɪz / / ˈmʌlti wiːk dɪˈleɪ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wielotygodniowe opóźnienia [wielotygodniowe opóźnienie]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
mushrooming [mushroom]
mushrooming [mushroom]

/ ˈmʌʃrʊmɪŋ / / ˈmʌʃrʊm /

R1UKM8j199B231
Nagranie dźwiękowe

wyrastają jak grzyby po deszczu [wyrastać jak grzyby po deszczu]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
navigation
navigation

/ ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nawigacja

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
on demand delivery
on demand delivery

/ ˈɒn dɪˈmɑːnd dɪˈlɪvəri /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

dostawa na żądanie

R1aD9XoSa0Oid1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
over‑the‑counter medicines [over‑the‑counter medicine]
over‑the‑counter medicines [over‑the‑counter medicine]

/ ˈəʊvəðəˈkaʊntə ˈmedsn̩z / / ˈəʊvəðəˈkaʊntə ˈmedsn̩ /

R1dzsHTXF2qFP1
Nagranie dźwiękowe

leki wydawane bez recepty [lek wydawany bez recepty]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
pride themselves on the fact [pride oneself on the fact]
pride themselves on the fact [pride oneself on the fact]

/ praɪd ðəmˈselvz ˈɒn ðə fækt / / praɪd wʌnˈself ˈɒn ðə fækt /

R1I2SbXFh1XSl1
Nagranie dźwiękowe

szczycą się faktem [szczycić się faktem]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
reduce terrestrial vehicle traffic
reduce terrestrial vehicle traffic

/ rɪˈdjuːs tɪˈrestrɪəl ˈviːɪkl̩ ˈtræfɪk /

R1JLlQ6B9OS4D1
Nagranie dźwiękowe

zredukować ruch naziemny

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
remote areas [remote area]
remote areas [remote area]

/ rɪˈməʊt ˈeəriəz / / rɪˈməʊt ˈeəriə /

RLccKzDcR9bvy1
Nagranie dźwiękowe

odległe tereny

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
run errands [run an errand]
run errands [run an errand]

/ ˈrʌn ˈerəndz / / ˈrʌn ən ˈerənd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

załatwiać sprawy, wykonywać zlecenia [załatwić sprawę, wykonywać zlecenie]

ROwzv0aPbUJ7a1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
shipping
shipping

/ ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przewożenie, transport

RLK7JlGvS32AE1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
shortage
shortage

/ ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

niedobór

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
sky is the limit
sky is the limit

/ skaɪ ɪz ðə ˈlɪmɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nie ma ograniczeń, wszystko jest możliwe (idiom)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
solid evidence
solid evidence

/ ˌsɒlɪd ˈevɪdəns /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

solidne dowody

R1TidQjRMsbSD1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
start‑up
start‑up

/ ˈstɑːˈtəp /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

początkujące przedsiębiorstwo, start‑up

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
subscribe to the idea
subscribe to the idea

/ səbˈskraɪb tu ði aɪˈdɪə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zgadzać się z pomysłem

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
there and back
there and back

/ ðər ənd ˈbæk /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

tam i z powrotem

R1YRK8Mzwrq3F1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
ticks a few more boxes [tick boxes]
ticks a few more boxes [tick boxes]

/ tɪks ə fjuː mɔː ˈbɒksɪz / / ˈtɪk ˈbɒksɪz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

spełnia kilka wymogów więcej [spełniać wymogi]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
unmanned
unmanned

/ ˌʌnˈmænd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

bezzałogowy/bezzałogowa

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
welcome something with open arms
welcome something with open arms

/ ˈwelkəm ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ wɪð ˈəʊpən ɑːmz /

RtnVRXYwXA5vQ1
Nagranie dźwiękowe

powitać coś z otwartymi ramionami

RfTI4MacbcLZW1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
whizzing [whizz]
whizzing [whizz]

/ ˈwɪzɪŋ / / wɪz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przelatujący/przelatująca ze świstem [przelecieć ze świstem]

R1FOM5g99AQIU1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
willing
willing

/ ˈwɪlɪŋ /

R161zIlIuelUC1
Nagranie dźwiękowe

chętny/chętna

R18NNrjVZcmuL1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
workforce
workforce

/ ˈwɜːkfɔːs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

siła robocza

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.