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Landscape scultpors

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • how water circulates in nature;

  • what various forms of convex and concave terrain are called.

You will learn
  • to list and describe factors that affect the landscape;

  • to provide examples of erosion that occur in your immediate environment.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu.

How wind and water affect the landscape?

We already know that weather has a substantial impact on the environment. It’s worth to think about whether the surrounding landscape always was and will be the same as it is now. And if it’s changing, what are the reasons for these changes. The landscape is changed, for instance, by inanimate factors that share the surface of the Earth: the Sun, water and wind. Their destructive effect on the Earth’s surface is called erosionerosionerosion.

As far as Poland is concerned, the form of erosion that’s of greatest importance is erosion caused by river flows, sea water and rainfall. Rivers deepen and widen their valleys. Rock fragments are carried to their more remote parts. Waves have a significant impact on the coasts. They gradually erode land and often carry fragmented rocks over large distances. Rainwater contributes to the erosion of ploughed fields, canyons and steep embankments. One the effects of erosion is the formation of unusually shaped rocks. Sometimes water‑soaked soil sinks causing landslides. In addition, changes in temperature caused by the Sun and frost can lead to water getting into the rock crevices and freezing, causing rocks to fragment as a result.

Important!

Forests have a significant impact on the rate of erosion. Even a single row of trees reduces the effect of wind on erosion. That’s why trees growing along baulks that separate fields should not be felled. Without them wind and rainfall blow and wash away soil as well as nutrients required by plants.

Task 1

Before you watch the film titled “The impact of water and wind on the landscape”, write down a research question and a hypothesis. While watching the film, write down your observations and, at the end, your conclusions.

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Przed zapoznaniem się treścią poniższego filmu sformułuj pytanie badawcze i hipotezę. Na końcu wypowiedz wnioski.
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Film przedstawia eksperyment pokazujący wpływ wody i wiatru na krajobraz. Do eksperymentu zostały użyte: plastikowe pudełko, kasztany, gliniana podstawka, żwirek i suszarka. Kasztany i glinianą miseczkę kładziemy do pudełka. Następnie wsypujemy żwirek. Włączamy suszarkę symulującą wiatr i kierujemy strumień powietrza na zawartość pudełka. Obserwujemy jak przemieszcza się żwirek.

Since water and wind erode rocks and carry their particles, what happens with them next? Their particulates are deposited in other locations. This process is called accumulation. This process also affects the landscape. We will prove it by performing an observation.

Erozja i akumulacja
Observation 1
You will need
  • water,

  • sand,

  • a watering can.

Instruction
  1. Create a several centimetre high mound out of sand. Press it into shape so that it doesn’t fall apart.

  2. Pour water from the watering can over on the mound. Observe what happens with the sand.

Summary

A small amount of water changed the sand mound’s appearance. Rain and wind have a similar effect on rocks.

Examples of accumulation

How organisms affect the landscape?

Plants and animals also affect the landscape. For instance, a forest landscape is dominated by trees and other plants that live in a symbiotic or dependent relationship with the trees. A meadow, on the other hand, is dominated by grass and other herbaceous plants that co‑create the landscape. The plant life limits the effects of wind on the landscape and vice versa. For instance on deserts, where there are no plants, wind plays an extremely important role in shaping the landscape, whereas in forests it has barely any effect.
The impact of animals on the landscape can be seen more rarely. However, they can built structures that significantly affect the appearance of the surrounding environment. By building dams on small rivers, beavers create expansive marshes. Ants build anthills that can be higher than 1 metre above ground level (and which extend much deeper into the ground). Termites, which live in a warmer climate, build colonies that can reach even up several metres in height. Stork nests are an example of the impact that birds have on the landscape, but there are birds that build much bigger nests. Large herds of animals can trod paths and destroy plant life by eating or trampling it.

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Exercise 1
Determine whether the following statements concerning erosion are true or false.. erosion is the destruction of earth’s surface, e.g. by flowing water.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. Erosion is a process caused by river water only.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. Gravity may cause erosion.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. Erosion cannot be caused by river water.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False
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Exercise 2
Determine whether the following statements concerning the impact of organisms on landscape are true or false.. Trees do not have any impact on the landscape.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. Plants form part of the landscape and can shape it.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. Dams change the landscape.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. Animals can change the landscape.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False
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Exercise 3
Wymyśl pytanie na kartkówkę związane z tematem abstraktu.
Source: Czonek, Przykuta, Robin Stott, zokarko, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 4
Jednokrotny wybór. The process of destroying the earth's surface by abiotic factors, i.e. solar radiation, water and wind, is called... Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. erosion, 2. eruption, 3. equation, 4. expansion

Summary

  • One of the elements that affect the landscape is erosion, i.e. the destruction of earth surface by inanimate factors.

  • Plants and animals form part of the landscape, but they can also change it.

Homework
Wymień elementy krajobrazu ukształtowane przez wodę, wiatr, rośliny i zwierzęta. Uzasadnij odpowiedź.
Wymień elementy krajobrazu ukształtowane przez wodę, wiatr, rośliny i zwierzęta. Uzasadnij odpowiedź.

Keywords

erosion, landscape, wind

Glossary

erosion
erosion
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. erosion

erozja – proces niszczenia powierzchni ziemi przez czynniki abiotyczne, czyli promieniowanie słoneczne, wodę i wiatr