Topicm436f21e031ca454d_1528449000663_0Topic

Ohm's law and electrical resistance

Levelm436f21e031ca454d_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm436f21e031ca454d_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VI. Electricity. The student:

12) uses the concept of electrical resistanceelectrical resistanceelectrical resistance as the property of a conductor; applies to calculations the relationship between voltage, current and resistance; uses a resistance unit.

Timingm436f21e031ca454d_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm436f21e031ca454d_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Formulation of Ohm's law.

Key competencesm436f21e031ca454d_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Building of a simple electrical circuit.

2. Measurement of the voltage and the current intensity.

3. Ohm's law formulation and experimental verification.

Operational (detailed) goalsm436f21e031ca454d_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- builds simple circuits,

- presents Ohm's law and verifies it experimentally.

Methodsm436f21e031ca454d_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion developing in the course of common problem solving by a class or group.

2. Organizing and applying the obtained results in new tasks of a practical or theoretical nature.

Forms of workm436f21e031ca454d_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Experimenting in groups.

2. Brainstorm.

Lesson stages

Introductionm436f21e031ca454d_1528450127855_0Introduction

- In the other lesson you learned that the current flowing through the resistor is directly proportional to the voltage between the ends of the resistor.

- In this lesson we will discuss a more detailed description of this relationship.

- We will also answer the question of what the resistance of the guide depends on.

Procedurem436f21e031ca454d_1528446435040_0Procedure

1. Experiment

The students under the supervision of the teacher performed a study of the dependence of the current flowing through the resistor on the applied voltage. Lesson: Study of the relationship between the current and the electrical voltage in the circuit.
They examined two different resistors.
Then, the obtained data was presented on a graph.
1The students under the supervision of the teacher performed a study of the dependence of the current flowing through the resistor on the applied voltage. Lesson: Study of the relationship between the current and the electrical voltage in the circuit.
They examined two different resistors.
Then, the obtained data was presented on a graph.

[Illustration 1]

[Illustration 2]

The above graphs clearly suggest a direct proportional relationship. This means that changing the applied voltage results in proportional changes in the current flowing. This confirms the previously obtained relationship, that UI=const.m436f21e031ca454d_1527752256679_0The above graphs clearly suggest a direct proportional relationship. This means that changing the applied voltage results in proportional changes in the current flowing. This confirms the previously obtained relationship, that UI=const.

[Illustration 3]

The graphs show that for each resistor the UI ratio is different.

2. What is the measure of resistance that the conductor material puts on the flow of electricity?

Mechanical analogy.

Imagine that we are performing some work, for example, moving the wardrobe. Or even two wardrobes - first one and then the other. The first wardrobe moves easily. You perform some work and the effect is visible - the wardrobe moves quickly. This means that the resistance to movement is small. It's worse with a second wardrobe. You perform the same work as the first time, but the wardrobe moves very slowly. Movement resistance is high. We can consider the speed at which a wardrobe moves when we perform a constant work as a measure of motion resistance. Could it not be possible to measure the resistance of the conductor to the current flow in a similar way?m436f21e031ca454d_1527752263647_0Imagine that we are performing some work, for example, moving the wardrobe. Or even two wardrobes - first one and then the other. The first wardrobe moves easily. You perform some work and the effect is visible - the wardrobe moves quickly. This means that the resistance to movement is small. It's worse with a second wardrobe. You perform the same work as the first time, but the wardrobe moves very slowly. Movement resistance is high. We can consider the speed at which a wardrobe moves when we perform a constant work as a measure of motion resistance. Could it not be possible to measure the resistance of the conductor to the current flow in a similar way?

Correspondence to mechanical analogy.

- Instead of a wardrobe, we have a portion of electric charge. The work done by electric forces over a portion of a charge of one coulomb is voltage. The speed of the cabinet, on the other hand, corresponds to the amount of charge that flows per second, i.e. the current intensity.

- Thus, the measure of the electrical resistanceelectrical resistanceelectrical resistance can be the current intensity obtained under the influence of a given voltage.

- Increasing the voltage (or increasing the work) will increase the amount of charge flowing in the time unit, i.e. the current intensity, but the resistance remains the same. It's as if we were trying to move the wardrobe harder and got higher speed.

- The resistance of movement, however, will not change. Thus, the measure of the electrical resistanceelectrical resistanceelectrical resistance can be the ratio of the voltage applied to the conductor to the resulting current flowing through the conductor.

Definition of resistance of the conductor:

conductorresistance=voltageattheendsoftheconductorcurrentflowingthroughtheconductor
R=UI

Like any physical quantity, resistance is expressed in certain units. The electric resistance unit is ohm. What is it? Well, ohm is the resistance of such a conductor, that the voltage of 1 volt causes in it a current of 1 ampere:

1Ω=1V1A

3. What is the relationship between the electrical voltage and the current intensity?

In the case of many conductors, this relationship is the simplest: the current (effect) is proportional to the applied voltage (cause). If the voltage at the ends of the conductor increases, say four times, then the current flowing through this conductor will increase fourfold.

This relationship between voltage and current is called Ohm's law.

Let's write down this law properly.

The current flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to the voltage at the ends of this conductor.

I is proportional to U.

The proportionality factor is the inverse of the electrical resistanceelectrical resistanceelectrical resistance. To convince yourself, it is enough to transform the formula slightly (definition of resistance):

I=1RU

or

I=UR

[Slideshow]

It is quite obvious. The larger the voltage we apply, the larger the current will flow. The bigger the resistance the conductor has, the lower the current. Recall the example of a wardrobe - the more work you do, the bigger the effect will be: the wardrobe will move faster. The greater the resistance of movement, the weaker the effect - the wardrobe will move more slowly.

Ohm's law describes the simplest case of the relationship between the voltage applied to the conductor (resistor) and the current flowing through this conductor.

Formulation of Ohm's law.

The ratio of the current at the ends of the conductor and the voltage of the current flowing through the conductor is constant.

The formula for Ohm’s law – form 1:

IU=const

where:
I - current intensity (in SI system in ampere - A),
U - voltage between the ends of the conductor (in the SI system in volts - V).

The formula for Ohm's law - form 2:

Otherwise, the Ohm's law can also be formulated in the symbolic form:

I ~ U (I is proportional to U)

The current flowing through the conductor is proportional to the applied voltage.

Lesson summarym436f21e031ca454d_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Ohm's law describes the simplest case of the relationship between the voltage applied to the conductor (resistor) and the current flowing through this conductor.

The ratio of the current flowing through the conductor to the voltage between its ends is constant:

IU=const

where:
I - current intensity (in SI system in amperes - A),
U - voltage between the ends of the conductor (in the SI system in volts - V).

Otherwise, the Ohm's law can also be formulated in the symbolic form:

I ~ U (I is proportional to U)

The current flowing through the conductor is proportional to the applied voltage.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

dependency of I on Udependency of I on Udependency of I on U

electric currentelectric currentelectric current

electrical resistanceelectrical resistanceelectrical resistance

linear graphlinear graphlinear graph

Ohm’s lawOhm’s lawOhm’s law

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electrical resistance1
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opór elektryczny

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dependency of I on U1
dependency of I on U

zależność I od U

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wymowa w języku angielskim: dependency of I on U
electric current1
electric current

prąd elektryczny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: electric current
linear graph1
linear graph

wykres liniowy

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Ohm’s law

prawo Ohma

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