Topic: Where on Earth can you find volcanoes? Post‑volcanic phenomena.

Target group

A student of the 1st grade post‑primary school

Program basis

V. Litosphere: relationship between the interior structure of the Earth and the tectonics of lithosphere plates, internal and external processes shaping the Earth's surface and their effects, rocks.

Pupil:

1) explains the connection between the Earth's interior structure and lithospheric plate motion and its influence on the genesis of endogenous processes.

General aim of education

The student learns the relationship between the plate construction of the lithosphere and the occurrence of volcanic phenomena.

Key competences

• communication in foreign languages;

• digital competence;

• learning to learn.

Criteria for success
The student will learn:

• you list areas of volcanic phenomena on Earth;

• you will explain the relationship between plate construction of the lithosphere and the formation of volcanoes;

• give examples of volcanic eruptions and describe their consequences;

• give examples of volcanic phenomena.

Methods/techniques

• expository

  • talk.

• activating

  • discussion.

• exposing

  • exposition.

• programmed

  • with computer;

  • with e‑textbook.

• practical

  • exercices concerned.

Forms of work

• individual activity;

• activity in pairs;

• activity in groups;

• collective activity.

Teaching aids

• e‑textbook;

• interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers;

• multimedia resources contained in the lesson „Where on Earth can you find volcanoes? Post‑volcanic phenomena. „in the e‑textbook.

Lesson plan overview

Before classes

• Students get acquainted with the content of the abstract. They prepare to work on the lesson in such a way to be able to summarize the material read in their own words and solve the tasks themselves.

• The teacher determines the purpose of the lesson, informing students about its planned course.

• Then he writes the topic of classes on the blackboard or interactive whiteboard. Students write it in notebooks.

Introduction

• The instructor recommends that the students, working in pairs, familiarize themselves with all the material from the lesson in the abstract and then discuss the following issues among themselves:
  • the most important places of occurrence of active volcanoes on the globe;
  • plate construction of the lithosphere and the occurrence of volcanoes;
  • phenomena associated with volcanic activity.

• The teacher indicates people who will discuss the above issues. If necessary, it supplements students' statements with the most important information.

Realization

• The lecturer puts forward a hypothesis regarding the possibility of occurrence of volcanic phenomena on other planets off Earth. Working with the brainstorming method, students suggest methods of verification of the hypothesis (eg sending a probe to another planet in search of traces of extinct or active volcanoes, analysis of previously collected photos or films depicting surfaces of other planets, analysis of lunar rock samples, etc.).

• The teacher indicates the proposed methods of verification of the hypothesis that have already been used, providing evidence for the existence of both past and present volcanic activity in the solar system.

• Working in pairs, students search for information on recent volcanic eruptions in various sources. Students report new volcanoes, giving the name of the volcano, its location, the year of the eruption and its consequences (eg data on the number of victims, devastation of the natural environment, the impact of eruptions on air transport, etc.). The class compares the effects of different volcanoes together and describes the typical consequences to be counted in the case of volcanic eruptions.

• Working individually, students perform interactive exercise, which aim to systematize knowledge from lessons.

Summary

• The last stage of the lesson is a summary, during which the students have the opportunity to ask questions and discuss their doubts with the teacher, as well as complete the notes.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

Texts and recordings

Where on Earth can you find volcanoes? Post‑volcanic phenomena.

Most active volcanoes (on the land) on the Earth are located within a huge ring that encircles almost the entire Pacific Ocean. It is associated with the zones of subduction and spreading. This area includes volcanoes of the western coasts of South America and North America, the eastern coasts of Asia, and especially the archipelagos of the Aleutian Islands, Kuril Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Philippines, and Indonesia, all the way to New Guinea, the archipelagos of Oceania, and New Zealand. It is called the Pacific Ring of Fire. About 90% of all active volcanoes on Earth occur there. There are far fewer volcanoes in the volcanically active areas of Europe (mainly in Iceland and on the Mediterranean Sea), Africa (the East African Rift and the Canary Islands), Hawaii, and the Caucasus Mountains. Individual volcanoes can also be found in other parts of the globe. Extinct volcanoes, i.e., ones that no longer show any activity, can be found in many parts of the world, including Poland.

In volcanically active areas as well as where volcanoes have recently expired, many accompanying phenomena can be observed. Especially impressive are geysers, which are a kind of hot spring from which, every time and again, boiling‑hot water with steam escapes rapidly, reaching heights of even several dozen meters. Other commonly occurring phenomena are hot groundwaters (thermal waters) and hot springs where water, without the participation of high pressure, flows calmly to the surface. In many places, gases escape from the still hot interior of the Earth. They have different names depending on their location, temperature, and chemical composition. For example, exhalations of gases that have high or very high temperatures are called fumaroles.