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A film is a product of the effort of numerous people completing many different tasks. Some of these people are named in the opening credits, receive great salaries and become famous. Many more remain relatively unknown, but films could not be created without them. You are going to read a text about different crew members involved in filmmaking and how they contribute to the final effect we enjoy watching in the cinema or on our sofas.

Film jest efektem wysiłku wielu ludzi wykonujących różne zadania. Niektórzy z nich są wymienieni w napisach początkowych, otrzymują wysokie gaże i są sławni. Jednak znacznie więcej osób pozostaje w cieniu, choć bez ich udziału filmy nie mogłyby powstać. Przeczytasz tekst o różnych członkach ekipy filmowej i o tym, jak przyczyniają się do efektu końcowego, który cieszy nas, kiedy siedzimy w kinie lub na kanapie przed telewizorem.

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A film set is a truly exciting place
Plan filmowy to bardzo ekscytujące miejsce
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.unsplash.com [dostęp 14.03.2022], domena publiczna.
1
Exercise 1
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Match the words related to filmmaking with their definitions. set Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a list of dialogues actors say, 2. actors playing in a film, 3. a person in charge of making a film, 4. a scene recorded in a film, 5. a location where a film is being made shot Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a list of dialogues actors say, 2. actors playing in a film, 3. a person in charge of making a film, 4. a scene recorded in a film, 5. a location where a film is being made script Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a list of dialogues actors say, 2. actors playing in a film, 3. a person in charge of making a film, 4. a scene recorded in a film, 5. a location where a film is being made director Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a list of dialogues actors say, 2. actors playing in a film, 3. a person in charge of making a film, 4. a scene recorded in a film, 5. a location where a film is being made cast Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a list of dialogues actors say, 2. actors playing in a film, 3. a person in charge of making a film, 4. a scene recorded in a film, 5. a location where a film is being made
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Read the text about different people involved in the process of producing a film and do the exercises below.

The Amazing Film Industry
Marcin Legeżyński The Amazing Film Industry

Have you ever been on a film setfilm setfilm set? Motion picturesmotion pictures [motion picture]Motion pictures are a particularly attractive form of art and many people love watching films for leisure or because they want to learn about a particular topic. But who are the people involved in the process of making a movie?

Most of us will immediately think of actors and actresses who play in films. The job of an actor is a very rewarding, but also challenging one. Actors and actresses perform various roles in films of different genresgenres [genre]genres. It is a job for any age: from child actors to elderly people. Everyone has a chance, provided they have some talent and a lot of luck. Acting jobs are often very well‑paid, so many people imagine they could easily become a top actor or actress earning plenty of money. The reality is that there are hundreds of candidates for these jobs and only the most outstanding ones receive top roles in blockbusterblockbusterblockbuster films. Others must earn their living playing in C‑class movies, TV advertisements or other, less reputable productions. Still, they have the chance to experience the job and often enjoy it a lot.

There are also roles that involve extrasextras [extra]extras: background performing actors who don’t usually have speaking roles. Some films require hundreds or thousands of extras to create the effect of crowds of people, armies or other large gatherings. More dangerous roles frequently involve stuntsstunts [stunt]stunts. These may include horse‑riding, jumping from heights, fight scenes or car chases. Although the job of a stuntmanstuntmanstuntman seems risky, there are many safety measures in place to protect these people from injuries.

Actors often depend heavily on a prop departmentprop departmentprop department. This team of people takes responsibility for creating propsprops [prop]props required in films, which range from weapons and furniture to large vehicles, planes or even spaceships, depending on the genre. People responsible for planning all the necessary props, decorations and film set surroundings are art directorsart directors [art director]art directors.

If you are enchantedenchantedenchanted by the camera rollingcamera rollingcamera rolling, you could consider a different role in the film industry and become a cameramancameramancameraman. Operating film cameras has become an art and it requires extensive knowledge of equipment, shootingshootingshooting techniques and other important aspects of image recording. If you have ever tried recording a video on your mobile phone, you will agree that choosing the right scene, doing close‑upsclose‑ups [close‑up]close‑ups and including everything you have planned for in your video is not an easy task. However, there are hundreds of successful cameramen winning important film awards for their jobs and this role can be extremely interesting.

Usually, cameramen work under the guidance of the directors of photographydirectors of photography [director of photography]directors of photography, whose job is to plan for the entire shooting process, coordinate all cameras used in the production and take part in post‑productionpost‑productionpost‑production. That stage of the film making consists of editing audio and video, and adding special effects. Most films require very complex and careful planning by the director of photography before the “Action!action!Action!” signal is given and the cameras start rolling.

But what about the texts that actors learn and perform on set? These are crafted even before the main production begins. The so‑called screenplaysscreenplays [screenplay]screenplays consist of film scriptsscripts [script]scripts, the lines that actors say and scene descriptions. They are sometimes based on books and their creation is carried out by screenwritersscreenwriters [screenwriter]screenwriters. Some larger movie productions require numerous writers to work on screenplays.

Undoubtedly, the most important person on set is the directordirectordirector. A director’s job is to pull all the strings together in order to create the amazing effect of the film. Usually, we picture them as sitting on designated chairs marked with the “director” sign and shouting “and cut!cut!cut!” to end a shotshotshot. However, the role is much more complex. It requires outstanding management skills to keep control over numerous crew members and the film cast to create their vision of the story that is soon to be enjoyed by the audience in cinemas.

Directors must also depend on appropriate funding for a film to be completed. The money is provided by producersproducers [producer]producers and often reaches enormous amounts. The most expensive films often cost millions of dollars! Still, the film industry is extremely lucrative and producers investing funds in a film can expect large returns from ticket sales all over the world. Producers are usually responsible for finding and hiring the right crew and cast for their films.

Films are a truly amazing art. Their creation requires not only large funding, but also involves many talented crewcrewcrew and castcast (noun)cast members, huge effort and often takes a very long time. If you are ready for the challenge, take a closer look at film job opportunities available and take the first step to a film career. However, if filmmaking isn’t your cup of tea, you may still enjoy watching them in the cinema or from your sofa!

1 Źródło: Marcin Legeżyński, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
1
Exercise 2
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Read the text about the world of the movie industry and choose the correct answer. 1. Most actors
a) receive job offers in top films.
b) get jobs in less popular productions.
c) work in television.
2. Large groups of people on set
a) are formed by stuntmen.
b) are formed by asking volunteers to take part.
c) are formed by extras.
3. Objects needed for the films
a) are made in post-production.
b) are made by the special effects department.
c) are made by the props department.
4. Post-production
a) is the stage where special effects are added.
b) is the stage where a film is funded.
c) is the stage where a director is hired.
5. The funding of a film
a) is managed by its director.
b) is managed by a sponsor.
c) is managed by its producer.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
2
Exercise 3
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Read the text again and decide if the following sentences related to the film set are true or false.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
2
Exercise 4
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Read the text again and drag the words to fill in the gaps in the sentences related to the work of actors and actresses. 1. The production of motion     1. genres, 2. producers, 3. stuntmen, 4. blockbuster, 5. pictures, 6. stunt, 7. extras     consists of numerous processes and involves a variety of jobs.
2. Action films are only one of many film     1. genres, 2. producers, 3. stuntmen, 4. blockbuster, 5. pictures, 6. stunt, 7. extras     available to the audience.
3. Auditioning for a role in a     1. genres, 2. producers, 3. stuntmen, 4. blockbuster, 5. pictures, 6. stunt, 7. extras     film can be very challenging as the competition is fierce.
4. Many contemporary films featuring armies and large crowds of people rely on     1. genres, 2. producers, 3. stuntmen, 4. blockbuster, 5. pictures, 6. stunt, 7. extras     performing the non-speaking roles.
5. Dangerous actions aren’t usually performed by actors themselves, but feature     1. genres, 2. producers, 3. stuntmen, 4. blockbuster, 5. pictures, 6. stunt, 7. extras     who are highly skilled and experienced.
6. Before the filming begins, the     1. genres, 2. producers, 3. stuntmen, 4. blockbuster, 5. pictures, 6. stunt, 7. extras     have to find and hire all the cast and crew.
7. Some actors want to participate in the     1. genres, 2. producers, 3. stuntmen, 4. blockbuster, 5. pictures, 6. stunt, 7. extras     scenes themselves, even though it can be very risky.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
2
Exercise 5
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Read the text above again and type the missing words to complete the memories of someone whose job is to create objects used on film sets. I have always wanted to work on films, but I don’t seem to have any acting talent. That is why I thought of becoming a 
    5.1 cTu uzupełnij mTu uzupełnij.    
Working in a 
    5.2 pTu uzupełnij dTu uzupełnij     
and creating all the amazing objects needed for a film seemed interesting. In my first job, I worked for a very inspiring
    5.3 aTu uzupełnij dTu uzupełnij    
who showed me how to design objects used in
    5.4 cTu uzupełnij,    
where the camera is very close to an object and every detail is visible. Creating items for these
    5.5 sTu uzupełnij     
gives me a lot of satisfaction and makes me proud of my job. Still, my favourite genre is science fiction - once I had to build some cool gadgets for several
    5.6 eTu uzupełnij    
who appeared in crowd scenes and never said a word. I had a lot of fun with that. Currently, I'm working with a very famous director who's making a war movie. Our
    5.7 fTu uzupełnij sTu uzupełnij    
needs a number of vehicles and some weaponry, so I have plenty of tasks.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

action!
action!

/ ˈækʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

akcja!

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
art directors [art director]
art directors [art director]

/ ɑ:t daɪˈrektəz / / ɑ:t daɪˈrektə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

dyrektorzy artystyczni [dyrektor artystyczny / dyrektorka artystyczna]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
blockbuster
blockbuster

/ ˈblɒkbʌstə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przebój kinowy, film bijący rekordy popularności i przynoszący duże wpływy z biletów

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cameraman
cameraman

/ ˈkæmrəmæn /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kamerzysta

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
camera rolling
camera rolling

/ ˈkæmrə ˈrəʊlɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kręcenie (filmu)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cast (noun)
cast (noun)

/ kɑːst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

obsada

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
close‑ups [close‑up]
close‑ups [close‑up]

/ ˈkləʊs ʌps / / ˈkləʊs ʌp /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zbliżenia [zbliżenie]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
crew
crew

/ kruː /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

tu: ekipa filmowa

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
crew member
crew member

/ ˈkru: ˈmembə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

tu: członek/członkini ekipy filmowej

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cut!
cut!

/ kʌt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

cięcie!

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
director
director

/ daɪˈrektə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

reżyser/reżyserka

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
directors of photography [director of photography]
directors of photography [director of photography]

/ daɪˈrektəz əv fəˈtɒɡrəfi / / daɪˈrektər əv fəˈtɒɡrəfi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

operatorzy filmowi [operator filmowy / operatorka filmowa]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
enchanted
enchanted

/ ɪnˈtʃɑːntɪd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zauroczony/zauroczona

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
extras [extra]
extras [extra]

/ ˈekstrəz / / ˈekstrə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

statyści [statysta/statystka]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
film set
film set

/ fɪlm set /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

plan filmowy

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
genres [genre]
genres [genre]

/ ˈʒɑːnrəz / / ˈʒɑːnrə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

gatunki (np.filmowe, literackie) [gatunek (np. filmowy, literacki]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
motion pictures [motion picture]
motion pictures [motion picture]

/ ˈməʊʃn̩ ˈpɪktʃəz / / ˈməʊʃn̩ ˈpɪktʃə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

filmy [film] AmE

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
post‑production
post‑production

/ pəʊst prəˈdʌkʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

postprodukcja

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
producers [producer]
producers [producer]

/ prəˈdjuːsəz / / prəˈdjuːsə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

producenci [producent/producentka]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
prop department
prop department

/ prɒp dɪˈpɑːtmənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

departament rekwizytów

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
props [prop]
props [prop]

/ prɒps / / prɒp /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rekwizyty [rekwizyt]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
screenplays [screenplay]
screenplays [screenplay]

/ ˈskriːnpleɪz / / ˈskriːnpleɪ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

scenopisy, scenariusze [scenopis, scenariusz]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
screenwriters [screenwriter]
screenwriters [screenwriter]

/ ˈskriːnˌraɪtərz / / ˈskriːnraɪtə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

scenarzyści [scenarzysta/scenarzystka]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
scripts [script]
scripts [script]

/ skrɪpts / / skrɪpt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

scenariusze [scenariusz]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
shooting
shooting

/ ˈʃuːtɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kręcenie filmu

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
shot
shot

/ ʃɒt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

ujęcie

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
stuntman
stuntman

/ ˈstʌntmæn /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kasader/kaskaderka

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
stunts [stunt]
stunts [stunt]

/ stʌnts / / stʌnt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wyczyny kaskaderskie [wyczyn kaskaderski]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.