Exchange reactions

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Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know

that synthesis and analysis are examples of chemical reactions;
synthesis (coupling) is a reaction that results in only one substance from two or more substances – more complex;
analysis (decomposition) is a reaction that results in at least two or more substances from one compound substance;
digits written before symbols and substance formulas in the chemical reaction equations are stoichiometric coefficients.

You will learn

to explain what the exchange reaction is;
to save the equations of the exchange reaction along with the selection of coefficients, indication of substances and products;
to present on the models the reaction of the analysis;
to recognize the exchange reactions based on their equations;
to read and write the course of the chemical reaction in words.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

What are exchange reactions?

Look at the following reaction equations.

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Ilustracja przedstawia równania reakcji tlenku miedzi dwa z węglem oraz tlenku żelaza trzy z glinem. Pierwsze równanie dwa c u o plus c strzałka w prawo 2 c u plus c o dwa. Pod spodem kolejno podpisy copper dwa oxide plus carbon strzałka w prawo copper plus carbon dioxide. Drugie równanie fe dwa o trzy plus dwa a el strzałka w prawo dwa fe plus a el dwa o trzy. Pod równaniem podpisy iron trzy oxide plus aluminum strzałka w prawo iron plus aluminum oxide — Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

As a result of each of these transformations two other products are created from two different substances.

Equation of reaction	Substances	products
$2CuO + C → 2Cu + {CO}_{2}$	$CuO$ , $C$	$Cu$ , ${CO}_{2}$
${Fe}_{2} O_{3} + 2Al → 2Fe + {Al}_{2} O_{3}$	${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$ , $Al$	$Fe$ , ${Al}_{2} O_{3}$

The reactions presented follow the scheme:

${substance}_{1} + {substance}_{2} → {product}_{1} + {product}_{2}$

These reactions are said to be exchange reactionsexchange reactionexchange reactions.

Task 1

Before looking at the film „Reaction of lead(II) oxide with carbon”, formulate a research question and hypothesis.

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Analysis of the experiment: "Reaction of lead(II) oxide with carbon"

Research question

hypotheses

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Reaction of lead(II) oxide with carbon
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Reaction of lead(II) oxide with carbon1

Experiment 1

Research problem

What happens during the reaction of lead(II) oxide with carbon? What type of reaction?

Hypothesis

Carbon receives oxygen from lead(II) oxide. There is an exchange reaction.

You will need

charcoal,
lead(II) oxide,
blow pipe,
spatula,
evaporator,
stand and clamp (circle) for receiving dish,
gas burner.

Instruction

In a piece of charcoal, make a recess (leave the crumbs selected from the depths - they will be needed later in the experiment).
Put a small amount of lead(II) oxide in the cavity so that it only partially fills them.
Mix the lead(II) oxide with the charcoal crumbs you received while making the cavity.
Ignite the gas burner and use a blower to direct the hot flame to the mixture of lead(II) oxide and carbon.
Watch the changes taking place.

Summary

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Observations

Conclusions

The course of this reaction describes the equation:

$2PbO + C → 2Pb + {CO}_{2}$

$lead(II) oxide + carbon → lead + carbon dioxide$

Task 2

Before you see the video „Reaction of iron with copper(II) chloride”, formulate a research question and hypothesis.

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Analysis of the experiment: "Reaction of iron with copper(II) chloride"

Research question

Hypothesis

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Reaction of iron with copper(II) chloride

Experiment 2

Research problem

How does iron react with copper(II) chloride? What type of reaction?

Hypothesis

The iron will take the place of copper in copper(II) chloride. An exchange reaction will take place.

You will need

beaker,
pliers,
measuring cylinder,
a nail (plaque or other object) made of iron,
copper(II) chloride,
water.

Instruction

Pour a few teaspoons of copper(II) chloride into a beaker.
In this substance, place a nail or other object made of iron.
Observe whether mixed substances react with each other.
Remove the iron object and pour a few dozen cmIndeks górny 3 into the copper(II) chloride water (the resulting solution should be blue).
In the solution obtained, immerse a nail made of iron halfway up its height.
Watch the changes taking place.

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Observations

Conclusions

Summary

The iron displaced copper from an aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride. The copper separated from the solution in the free state. Replacement reaction has taken place:

$Fe + Cu {Cl}_{2} → Cu + Fe {Cl}_{2}$

$iron + copper(II) chloride → copper + iron(II) chloride$

Which chemical changes can be called exchange reactions?

In this issue, examples of exchange reactions will be presented, as a result of which two other products are formed from two different substrates.

${Fe}_{2} O_{3} + 2Al → 2Fe + {Al}_{2} O_{3}$

$iron(III) oxide + aluminum → iron + aluminum oxide$

Equation of reaction	${Substance}_{1}$	${Substance}_{2}$	${Product}_{1}$	${Product}_{2}$
${Fe}_{2} O_{3} + 2Al → 2Fe + {Al}_{2} O_{3}$	${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$	$Al$	$Fe$	${Al}_{2} O_{3}$

This reaction proceeds according to the scheme:

${substance}_{1} + {substance}_{2} → {product}_{1} + {product}_{2}$

${Fe}_{2} O_{3} + 3CO → 2Fe + 3 {CO}_{2}$

$iron(III) oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide$

This reaction can be represented in the form of a schematic:

${substance}_{1} + {substance}_{2} → {product}_{1} + {product}_{2}$

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Exercise 1

Complete the chemical equation below:

H₂, H₃, H₂O, Cu

CuO + → + H₂O

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Exercise 2

Chemical transformation, during which at least two products are formed from at least two substrates is called:

exchange reaction
combustion
evaporation

Summary

In addition to the analysis and synthesis reaction, there is a third type of reaction – exchange reaction.
The exchange reaction is a transformation during which the components exchange between the reacting substances takes place. It runs according to the scheme:
${substance}_{1} + {substance}_{2} → {product}_{1} + {product}_{2}$ .

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Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Keywords

Reduction reaction, exchange reaction

Glossary

exchange reaction

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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

reakcja wymiany – przemiana chemiczna, podczas której z co najmniej dwóch substratów powstają co najmniej dwa produkty

Lesson plan (Polish)

What are exchange reactions?

Which chemical changes can be called exchange reactions?

Summary

Keywords

Glossary