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Dilution and cooling of solutions

Ice cubes
Source: domena publiczna.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • that the solubility in water is expressed as the maximum number of grams of substance that is dissolved in 100 g of water at a given temperature and pressure (the pressure is taken into account in the case of gas solutions, e.g. oxygen in water, and when the solute is solid or liquid, the pressure is of little importance and can be omitted);

  • that the graph showing the dependence of the solubility of a given substance on the temperature is called the solubility curve;

  • that the percentage determines the number of grams of solute contained in 100 grams of solution and can be calculated from the formula: Cp = msmr · 100%.

You will learn
  • to calculate the percentage concentration of a saturated solution at a set temperature;

  • to determine the solution solubility based on the percentage of saturated solution at a given temperature.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe dotyczy przygotowania roztworów nasyconych z rozcieńczonych roztworów w danym stężeniu procentowym.

Preparation of saturated solutions from dilute solutions at a given percentage concentration

Concentration solutions may be obtained from dilute solutions, e.g. by evaporation of the solvent. When saturation is reached, further concentration of the solution will lead to the evaporation of solute from the solution.

Task 1

Before you start solving tasks, look at the presentation showing the process of solving tasks.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu.
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Solubility curves
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 1

Calculate how many grams of water should be evaporated from 340 g of 1% sodium chloride solution to obtain a saturated solution of this substance at 20°C.

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Exercise 2

Calculate how many grams of potassium chloride should be added to 120 g of a 5% solution of this substance, so that after dissolution a solution saturated at 40°C can be obtained.

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Diluting the saturated solutions to obtain a solution with a certain percentage concentration

Important!

In saturated solutions, during dilution, the mass of the solvent changes (increases) in relation to the mass of solute (which remains unchanged).

Exercise 3

Calculate how many grams of water should be added to 250 g of a saturated potassium iodide solution at 10°C to obtain a 10% solution.

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Temperature change of the solution

Task 2

Consider and answer whether heating the solution or cooling it will change the percentage concentration and solubility of the substance in the water.

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The solubility of solids in water generally increases with increasing temperature, and decreases as temperature decreases. For this reason, when the saturated solution is cooled, a portion of the solute is isolated as a precipitate. Knowing the solubility of substances at two different temperatures, one can determine the amount of substance that will be released during cooling of any mass of saturated solution.

Exercise 4

Calculate how many grams of potassium nitrate are released from the saturated solution at 100°C during cooling to 10°C. The solution of this substance saturated at 100°C was formed by dissolving the appropriate amount of potassium nitrate dissolved in 200 g of water.

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Exercise 5

400 g of a 35% concentrate potassium chloride solution was cooled to 10°C. Evaluate if crystals of this substance are released from the solution after cooling. What will be the mass?

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Exercise 6
Select the correct answer. The solubility of solids in water: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. generally increases with increasing temperature, and decreases as it decreases, 2. generally increases as the temperature decreases, and increases as it decreases, 3. is not dependent on temperature
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Create a multiple-choice test based on today's lesson. Then exchange your questions with a friend or classmate.

Summary

  • Based on the knowledge of the solubility of the substance, the percentage of saturated solution can be calculated.

  • Knowing the percentage concentration of a saturated solution of a substance, you can calculate its solubility.

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Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. Finish selected sentences. 1 It was easy for me (uzupełnij). 2 It was difficult for me (uzupełnij). 3 Today I learned (uzupełnij). 4 I understood that (uzupełnij). 5 It surprised me (uzupełnij).
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Keywords

solution dilution

Glossary

solution dilution
solution dilution
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Nagranie słówka solution dilution.

rozcieńczanie roztworu – obniżenie stężenia roztworu, np. w wyniku dodania do niego rozpuszczalnika