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Percent concentration of the solution - definition

Dye solutions in water
Source: domena publiczna.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • that the molecular dispersion consists of the solvent and the substance dissolved in it;

  • that the solvent is water in aqueous solutions;

You will learn
  • to calculate the percent concentration of the solution based on its mass or mass of solvent and mass of solute;

  • to estimate the mass of the solution based on the percent concentration of solution and the mass of solute;

  • to determine the mass of solute based on the percent concentration and mass of the solution.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu.

The composition of the solution

The terms „concentrated solution”, „diluted solution” or „saturated solution” only indicate the amount of the given solute is in solution. Sometimes it is necessary to provide its exact content. There are several ways to present the composition of the solution, i.e. its concentration.

One of them is percent concentrationpercent concentration of the solutionpercent concentration. It determines how many parts of the mass (in weight) of dissolved substance is found in 100 parts of the mass (in weight) of solution. A 5% means that there are 5 grams of solute in 100 grams of solution.

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Every day we encounter articles on which packages the contents of their ingredients are given
Task 1

Watch the presentation „How to understand the percentage concentration of a solution?” and note which formula can be used to calculate the percent concentration.

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Nagranie audio prezentuje how to undertand the percent concentration of a solution.

The percent concentration can be calculated using the formula: Cp= msmr · 100%

Where following symbols mean:
Cp – percent concentration,
ms – mass of the substance,
mr – mass of the solution.

Recall that the mass of the aqueous solution (mr) is the sum of the mass of the solvent (msolv.), usually water and mass of the solute (ms):

mr = msolv. + ms

Size

Percent concentration

Mass of the substance

Mass of the solution

Mass of the solvent

size designation

Cp

ms

mr

msolvent

value

4%

4 g

100 g

100 g – 4 g = 96 g

Calculation of the percent concentration of a solution of a substance

If we know the mass of the solvent or the mass of the solution and the mass of the dissolved substance, we can determine the percent concentration of the solution. In all calculations we must remember about the mass units that we always insert into the formula.

Task 2

Calculate the percent concentration of sugar solution if 250 g of the solution contains 100 g of this substance.

Task 3

Calculate the percentage concentration of the sodium chloride solution that was created after dissolving 10 g of this substance in 250 g of water. Write down the result to the second decimal place.

Hint

1. We calculate the mass of the solution, which is the sum of the mass of water and mass of sodium chloride (solute):

mr = msolv. + ms = 250 g + 10 g = 260 g

2. The next part of the task can be solved in two ways – using the formula for the percent concentration or using the proportion.

cp= msmr · 100%

cp = mass of sodium chloridemass of the solution of sodium chloride · 100%

cp=10 g260 g·100%=3.85%

100 g X

260 g 10 g

X = 100 g · 10 g260 g= 3.85 g

3. Answer:
After dissolving 10 g of sodium chloride in 250 g of water, a solution of this substance with a concentration of 3.85% was obtained.

Calculating the mass of individual components of the solution

Knowing the percent concentration of the solution and its mass, the mass of solute can be calculated. Similarly, we can determine the mass of the solution based on the information on the percent concentration of the solution and the mass of the dissolved substance contained in it. Both right proportion and appropriately converted formula for the percent concentration can be used in the calculations.

Percent concentration formula

The formula for the mass of substance

The formula for the mass of solution

cp = msmr · 100%

ms = cp · mr100%

mr= mscp · 100%

cIndeks dolny p – percent concentration
mIndeks dolny s – mass of substance
mIndeks dolny r – mass of solution

Exercise 1

Calculate how many grams of water should be added to 120 g of sugar to get a 30% solution

Task 4

Calculate the amount of copper(II) sulphate contained in 250 g of 2% aqueous solution of this substance.

Hint
  1. Result:
    We know that:
    cp = 2%
    mr = 250 g

  2. This task can be solved in two ways – using the formula for the percent concentration (after its conversion) or using the proportion.

100 g 2 g

250 g X

Answer:

The mass of copper(II) sulphate in 250 g of the 2% solution is 5 g.

Task 5

Calculate the mass of 1% potassium chloride aqueous solution containing 1.5 g of this substance. Write down the mass of water that is contained in the solution.

Hint
  1. Result: We know that:
    cp = 1%
    ms = 1.5 g

  2. This task can be solved using the converted formula for percent concentration or using the proportion.

100 g 1 g

X 1,5 g

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Exercise 2
Select the correct definition of percent concentration. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Number of grams of solute in 100 g of solution, 2. Maximum number of grams of substance that can be dissolved in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature to obtain a saturated solution, 3. Maximum number of grams of substance that can be dissolved in 100 g of solution at a given temperature to obtain a saturated solution, 4. Number of grams of solute in 100 g of solvent
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Prepare the task for calculating the percent concentration of the solution for a friend. Provide four possible answers, including one that is correct.

Summary

  • Percent concentration is the information about how many parts of the mass (in weight) of the dissolved substance are found in 100 parts of the mass (in weight) of the solution.

  • The percent concentration of a solution can be calculated based on the weight of the solution and the weight of the solute, using the formula: cp = msmr · 100%.

  • The mass of solute can be calculated based on the percent concentration and mass of the solution: ms = cp·mr100%.

  • The percent concentration of the solution can be calculated based on the weight of the solvent and the weight of the solute, using the formula: cp = msmsolv.+ms · 100%.

  • If the density of the solution is known, it is possible to determine the mass of given volume.

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Tablica interaktywna. How was this lesson? Did you like it? Finish selected sentences. Propozycje 1. It was easy for me..(uzupełnij)., 2.It was difficult for me..(uzupełnij)., 3.Today I learned..(uzupełnij)., 4.I understood that.(uzupełnij).., 5.It surprised me.(uzupełnij)..
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Keywords

percent concentration of the solution, solution, solvent, mass of the solution, density of the solution

Glossary

percent concentration of the solution
percent concentration of the solution
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Nagranie słówka percent concentration of the solution.

stężenie procentowe roztworu – liczba gramów substancji rozpuszczonej w 100 g roztworu (wyrażona w procentach)