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Exercise 1

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Pair words and phrases with their translations. dog sled Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. kultura pełna życia, 2. sanie z psim zaprzęgiem, 3. tożsamość grupowa, 4. malarstwo kropkowe, 5. dziedzictwo, 6. odrodzenie, 7. wzajemność dot painting Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. kultura pełna życia, 2. sanie z psim zaprzęgiem, 3. tożsamość grupowa, 4. malarstwo kropkowe, 5. dziedzictwo, 6. odrodzenie, 7. wzajemność heritage Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. kultura pełna życia, 2. sanie z psim zaprzęgiem, 3. tożsamość grupowa, 4. malarstwo kropkowe, 5. dziedzictwo, 6. odrodzenie, 7. wzajemność reciprocity Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. kultura pełna życia, 2. sanie z psim zaprzęgiem, 3. tożsamość grupowa, 4. malarstwo kropkowe, 5. dziedzictwo, 6. odrodzenie, 7. wzajemność revival Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. kultura pełna życia, 2. sanie z psim zaprzęgiem, 3. tożsamość grupowa, 4. malarstwo kropkowe, 5. dziedzictwo, 6. odrodzenie, 7. wzajemność collective identity Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. kultura pełna życia, 2. sanie z psim zaprzęgiem, 3. tożsamość grupowa, 4. malarstwo kropkowe, 5. dziedzictwo, 6. odrodzenie, 7. wzajemność vibrant culture Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. kultura pełna życia, 2. sanie z psim zaprzęgiem, 3. tożsamość grupowa, 4. malarstwo kropkowe, 5. dziedzictwo, 6. odrodzenie, 7. wzajemność

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 2

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Drag and drop the correct words and phrases to fill in the gaps. 1. Nowadays, many of the indigenous traditions are going through a 1. dog sled, 2. heritage, 3. collective identity, 4. reciprocity, 5. dot painting, 6. revival, 7. vibrant culture.
2. Even though there are other means of travel, my family still relies on 1. dog sled, 2. heritage, 3. collective identity, 4. reciprocity, 5. dot painting, 6. revival, 7. vibrant culture to move from one location to another.
3. My community isn’t perfect but I still embrace the 1. dog sled, 2. heritage, 3. collective identity, 4. reciprocity, 5. dot painting, 6. revival, 7. vibrant culture we have.
4. One day, I’d love to learn 1. dog sled, 2. heritage, 3. collective identity, 4. reciprocity, 5. dot painting, 6. revival, 7. vibrant culture because this art form speaks to me.
5. To further embrace my 1. dog sled, 2. heritage, 3. collective identity, 4. reciprocity, 5. dot painting, 6. revival, 7. vibrant culture, I’ve decided on a traditional tattoo.
6. We might look similar but let me assure you – we don’t share 1. dog sled, 2. heritage, 3. collective identity, 4. reciprocity, 5. dot painting, 6. revival, 7. vibrant culture.
7. In our culture, 1. dog sled, 2. heritage, 3. collective identity, 4. reciprocity, 5. dot painting, 6. revival, 7. vibrant culture is an important element of giving and receiving gifts.

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 3

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Read the text below. In each point, choose the answer which best fits the text. Unfortunately, many of the cultural practices of indigenous peoples aren’t 3.1 … through generations. There are many reasons why this happens. One of the most prevalent ones is the lack of written culture, so traditional mythology dies with the elders. In some cases, certain cultural practices are being 3.2 … so gradually, groups move away from them. Luckily, contemporary times give many groups a chance to 3.3 … what they’ve lost. That’s when we talk of a so-called revival – something becoming active or important again. People have a chance to once again connect with their heritage and 3.4 … their identity. This is 3.5 … the ever-growing popularity of traditional practices such as employing the hand poke method to create tattoos. With time, all that was lost is once again 3.6 … the lives of indigenous peoples.

3.1
a) passed down
b) incorporated into
c) proficient in
d) reflected in

3.2
a) incorporated
b) embraced
c) persecuted
d) reclaimed

3.3
a) rely
b) reclaim
c) signify
d) thrive

3.4
a) reflect
b) thrive
c) symbolise
d) embrace

3.5
a) reflected in
b) passed down
c) proficient in
d) incorporated into

3.6
a) rooted in
b) incorporated into
c) relied on
d) specialised in

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 4

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Read the sentences below. In each point, choose the statement that is the closest in meaning to the words or phrase in Italics . 4.1 When engaging in kōhā, it’s extremely important to be thankful for the gift you’ve received.
a) When engaging in kōhā, it’s extremely important to show gratitude for the gift you’ve received.
b) When engaging in kōhā, it’s extremely important to embrace the gift you’ve received.
c) When engaging in kōhā, it’s extremely important to pass down the gift you’ve received.

4.2 Despite many similarities, those groups are ethnically and culturally distinct .
a) Despite many similarities, those groups are ethnically and culturally inadequate .
b) Despite many similarities, those groups are ethnically and culturally vibrant .
c) Despite many similarities, those groups are ethnically and culturally unique .

4.3 I might not participate in traditional ceremonies but I embrace my heritage in other ways.
a) I might not participate in traditional ceremonies but I embrace my culture in other ways.
b) I might not participate in traditional ceremonies but I embrace my living conditions in other ways.
c) I might not participate in traditional ceremonies but I embrace my predecessors in other ways.

4.4 The Inuit have developed their culture around survival due to harsh living conditions.
a) The Inuit have developed their culture around survival due to inadequate living conditions.
b) The Inuit have developed their culture around survival due to unforgiving living conditions.
c) The Inuit have developed their culture around survival due to comfortable living conditions.

4.5 It will be difficult but I’m determined to reclaim this cultural practice.
a) It will be difficult but I’m determined to embrace this cultural practice.
b) It will be difficult but I’m determined to abandon this cultural practice.
c) It will be difficult but I’m determined to restore this cultural practice.

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 5

Study the following text which is a podcast about indigenous people and identity.Then, drag and drop words/phrases to fill in the gaps in the study notes with the correct information. Note: three words/phrases don’t fit into any gap.

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When discussing indigenous groups, you might feel compelled to generalise about them. How to avoid that? Always remember that a sense of belonging to a particular group doesn’t change how someone identifies themselves on a personal level. Yes, they share features belonging to a specific group but each person is unlike anyone else. You’d probably feel it’s insufficient to describe you only based on your ethnicity too. Keep that in mind when talking about indigenous peoples!

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 5

Listen to a part of a podcast about indigenous people and identity. Then, fill in the gaps with the words and phrases synonymous to the information in the recording.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Nagranie dostępne pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/Dxygqw33B

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Nagranie dźwiękowe

TRANSCRIPTazurewhite

Autor: Zuzanna Kościuk

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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Exercise 6

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Translate the words/ phrases in brackets. Remember to use grammatically correct forms. 6.1 The word “māori” means “normal” which, in their culture, Tu uzupełnij (podkreśla różnicę) between ordinary humans and deities. 6.2 The Inuit are Tu uzupełnij (rdzennymi ludami) who inhabit some arctic and subarctic regions. 6.3 The Māori tradition of gift-giving relies on Tu uzupełnij (wzajemności). 6.4 Tattoos of the Inuit women Tu uzupełnij (symbolizują przejście) into womanhood. 6.5 Aboriginal peoples believe that everything – people, animals, and Tu uzupełnij (ziemia) – are interconnected. 6.6 Welcome to Country can be carried out only by an Tu uzupełnij (członka starszyzny) of the group.

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 7

Choose one cultural practice from those listed below and write 5–6 sentences in which you:

describe how the custom/tradition works;
explain its significance.

Kōhā

Kakiniit

Welcome to Country

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(Uzupełnij).

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Kōhā is a… / When visiting someone… / Traditionally… / The act of gift‑giving… / As such… / For this reason…

Kakinnit are… / They’re done by… on… / They symbolise… / Historically… / Nowadays…

Welcome to Country is… / Customary… / It’s carried out by… / The Australian government… / For this reason…

Kōhā is a Māori gift‑giving custom. When visiting someone, guests are supposed to bring gifts. Traditionally, those would be food or items of cultural significance but nowadays, the customary gift is money. The act of gift‑giving reflects on the mana of both the giver and the receiver and feeds into the culture of reciprocity. As such, it’s important to give the right gift or you might offend the person receiving it. For this reason, many hosts communicate the fixed‑upon sum to the guests before the meeting, so there are no issues.

Kakiniit are traditional Inuit tattoos. They’re done by women on other women and symbolise the transition into womanhood. Historically, tattoos were created with the use of wood, steel, and bone needles. The method used to make them was hand poke. Each tattoo stood for something different, for example, motherhood. Nowadays, the Inuit women reclaim this tradition to embrace their heritage.

Welcome to Country is a ritual that emphasises the relationship between Aboriginal Australians and the land. Customary, it’s carried out by an elder of the group and consists of, among other things, the smoking ceremony. Welcome to Country is not only important for the indigenous peoples but also for the Australian government. Due to colonial history, the government sees it as crucial to embrace First Nations as members of Australian society. As such, the ceremony has become a part of many important national events.

Exercise 8

You’ve recently visited Australia and experienced Aboriginal culture. Write a blog post (100‑150 words) in which you:

describe the experience;
express your opinion about the Aboriginal culture;
encourage your readers to read up about Aboriginal culture;
ask your readers about their experiences with indigenous cultures.

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(Uzupełnij).

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Hi all!

This summer, I went on a trip to… on which I could learn more about… The experience was… For example… This affected how…

I think/believe/am of opinion that… Furthermore…

I encourage all of you to… This might change how you…

Have you ever experienced…? How was…? What did you…?

Let me know in the comments!

Hi all!

This summer, I went on a trip to Australia on which I could learn more about indigenous inhabitants of Australia and see their lifestyle. The experience was life‑changing! For example, they believe everything (us included) is interconnected. As such, they have a great respect for their land. This affected how I think about the world around me.

Overall, I think their culture is very respectful to everything around them. For example, they rely on bush tucker to feed themselves. They know a lot about plants and wild animals. Furthermore, it’s fascinating how their beliefs affect their art.

I encourage all of you to read up about Aboriginal culture. It’s fascinating and might change how you perceive things around you.

On that note, have you ever experienced an indigenous culture? Which one was it? What did you learn from the experience? Let me know in the comments!

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