Topicmfbba5818f251a413_1528449000663_0Topic

Newton’s third lawNewton’s third lawNewton’s third law – mutual interaction between bodies

Levelmfbba5818f251a413_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummfbba5818f251a413_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

I. The use of physical concepts and quantities to describe phenomena and to indicate their examples in the surrounding reality.

II. Motion and force. The student:

13) describes the interaction of bodies using the third Newton’s law;

18) experimentally: illustrates: the first Newton’s law, the second Newton’s law, the third Newton’s law.

Timingmfbba5818f251a413_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesmfbba5818f251a413_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Presenting the third Newton's law and its applications.

Key competencesmfbba5818f251a413_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Providing content of the third Newton's law.

2. Presenting various possibilities of using in practice the third Newton's law.

Operational (detailed) goalsmfbba5818f251a413_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- gives the content of the third Newton's law,

- presents the practical use of the third Newton's law.

Methodsmfbba5818f251a413_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning by experimenting.

2. Learning by solving empirical problems.

Forms of workmfbba5818f251a413_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Work in group - solving research problems.

Lesson stages

Introductionmfbba5818f251a413_1528450127855_0Introduction

Answer the questions:

1. What is an interaction?

2. Can you only interact directly with other body?

3. What types of interactions do you know?

4. When do the forces balance?

Answer:

1. Interaction is a kind of action that occur as two or more objects have an effect upon one another.

2. No, it is possible to interact directly or at a distance.

3. The basic types of interactions are gravitational, electric, magnetic and elastic.

4. If there are different forces acting on the body and the value of their resultant force is equal to 0 N, then the body is in a state of equilibrium, we are talking about the balancing of forces.

Proceduremfbba5818f251a413_1528446435040_0Procedure

[Slideshow]

Conclusion:

The following conclusions can be drawn based on the presented slides:

1. Arek attracts Bolek, but at the same time Bolek attracts Arek
2. The boys act on each other with some forceforceforce.
3. These forces have the same magnitude, but opposite directiondirectiondirection. These are the forces of action and reactionreactionreaction.
4. The forces of actionactionaction and reaction are not balanced because they are applied to two different bodies.

[Illustration 1]

Experiment 1

Research hypothesis:

The magnitude of the forces of action and reactionreactionreaction are the same.

Requisites:

- two carts (two toy cars),
- two small flat magnets,
- two dynamometers,
- plasticine,
- strong thread or thin string.

Instruction:

1. Conduct the experiment on a flat surface, e.g. on a table with a smooth countertop or rails with a suitable spacing.
2. Attach the magnets to the front of the carts with plasticine.
3. The carts facing each other with magnets) should attract each other.
4. Attach the thread to the back of each cart.
5. Attach the dynamometers to the ends of both threads.
6. With the help of a friend or a colleague, do not let the carts approach each other, pulling the end of the dynamometers. Make sure that the dynamometers are (if possible) parallel to the table surface.
7. Stop the carts at a short distance from each other.
8. Read the value indicated on the dynamometers.
9. Repeat the experiment several times.

Observation:

- Both dynamometers in our experiment indicated the same values.
- The carts attracted each other with the same magnitude of the force, but with opposite direction.
- These were the forces of action and reaction from magnets (magnetic forces).
- Forces were applied to two different magnets, so they could not balance.

Newton's third law:

When the body A acts on the body B with a certain force FAB, the body B acts on the body A with the force FBA of the same magnitude, but the opposite direction.

FAB=-FBA
FAB=FBA

Note:

The Newton’s third lawNewton’s third lawNewton’s third law is often called action‑reaction lawaction - reaction lawaction‑reaction law.

These forces cannot be balanced because they are applied to two different bodies.

Task 1

A man with a mass of 80 kg is standing at the bus stop with a backpack with a mass of 30 kg on his back. What is the force acting on the ground? What is the forceforceforce the ground is acting on his feet? Give characteristics of these forces.

Answer:

A man on the ground 1100 N, force characteristics: vertical downward directiondirectiondirection, magnitude 1100 N, the ground on a man 1100 N, force characteristics: vertical upward direction, magnitude 1100 N.

Task 2

Which of the presented pictures correctly shows the force system resulting from mutual interactionsmutual interactionsmutual interactions?

[Illustration 2]

Answer:

C.

Task 3

Using the illustration depicting the construction of a space rocket engine, explain how this type of engines work:

[Illustration 3]

[Illustration 4]

Answer:

Fuel in an oxygen atmosphere burns in the combustion chamber. The gas which is the combustion product rapidly expands as it passes through the outlet nozzle. The rocket ejects the fuel burning reactionreactionreaction product through the nozzle in only one directiondirectiondirection. By leaving the rocket, the burnt fuel exerts on the rocket a force of actionactionaction called the force of thrust. This force causes the rocket to accelerate in the direction opposite to the direction of the ejected gases.

Lesson summarymfbba5818f251a413_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

- There are many types of interactions in nature. The value of force is a measure of the interaction. The interactions are mutual, that is, if we trigger a certain action by applying force, we must expect the reaction of the body on which we act.
- The fact that the interactions were mutual was noticed by the English scholar Isaac Newton, who lived at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. The results of his research in this area are formulated in the form of the third Newton’s law.
- The third Newton's law is that when the body A acts on the body B with a certain force, the body B acts on the body A with the force of the same magnitude, but the opposite direction. These forces cannot be balanced because they are applied to two different bodies.
- The third Newton's law is also called the action‑reaction law. Each action is accompanied by a reaction equal in magnitude, but with the opposite direction. However, it should be remembered that the forces do not balance, because they have a different point of application.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

acting pointacting pointacting point

actionactionaction

action - reaction lawaction - reaction lawaction - reaction law

balancing of forcesbalancing of forcesbalancing of forces

directiondirectiondirection

forceforceforce

mutual interactionsmutual interactionsmutual interactions

Newton’s third lawNewton’s third lawNewton’s third law

reactionreactionreaction

resultant forceresultant forceresultant force

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Newton’s third law1
Newton’s third law

III zasada dynamiki Newtona

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force1
force

siła

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direction1
direction

zwrot

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wymowa w języku angielskim: direction
reaction1
reaction

reakcja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: reaction
action1
action

akcja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: action
action - reaction law1
action - reaction law

zasada akcji i reakcji

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wymowa w języku angielskim: action - reaction law
mutual interactions1
mutual interactions

oddziaływanie wzajemne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: mutual interactions
acting point1
acting point

punkt przyłożenia

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balancing of forces1
balancing of forces

równoważenie sił

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resultant force1
resultant force

siła wypadkowa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: resultant force