How else is it possible to express numerical values in the language?

Parts of speech
Numbers also refer to dimensions. When we calculate the circumference, the area, the volume of a figure, we give the length of its sides. Similarly, in language we have many words that name the dimension or define the approximate shape of objects, larger or smaller sets. In such description, apart from numerals, adverbs, e.g. „dużo” ('a lot'), „mało” ('little'), „wiele” ('many'), „więcej” ('more'), „mniej” ('less'), are useful as well as numeral pronouns: „kilka” ('a few'), „parę” ('a couple'), „trochę” ('a little'). We also create many names that come from numerical categories, such as nouns, e.g. „jedynka” ('one'), „dwójka” ('two'), „trójkąt” ('triangle'), „czworobok” ('quadrangle'), „ćwiartka” ('quarter'), „połówka” ('half').

Word formation
Many objects, because they have features referring to countable phenomena, are characterised by words in which we find fragments of numerals, e.g. „czterolistny” ('four-leaf'), „parzystokopytny” ('artiodactyl'), „trójkątny” ('triangular'), „ośmiokątny” ('octagonal').

Mathematical terminology
A rich collection of words – belonging to the world of numbers and values – appears primarily in the terminology of science (mathematics, physics, information technology, etc.). It is composed of the commonly known words: "ułamek zwykły” ('fraction') and „dziesiętny” ('a decimal fraction'), „suma” ('sum'), „różnica” ('difference'), „iloczyn” ('ratio'), „iloraz” ('quotient'), „pierwiastek” ('radical'), „procent” ('percent'), etc.

Metaphors
They often appear in everyday language – in isolation from scientific reality – as a metaphorical component of many sayings in which we try to determine the importance of some issues, compare situations or objects in an approximate way, e.g. “to są plusy i minusy czegoś”, “zdarzyło się to w ułamku sekundy”, “coś jest dodatnie”. The meaning of many words is based on common thinking about mathematical values – this is evidenced, for example, by the sayings: „podać coś komuś w przybliżeniu”, „dzielić włos na czworo”, „mnożyć problemy” etc.

Diminutives and augmentatives
In grammar there are several categories in which there are common ideas of numbers and dimensions – in fact, they are used to illustrate additional concepts or meanings with which we associate given words. The first important opposition is “greatness – smallness”. It can be found in the particles that create diminutives: „lampka” (‘small lamp’), „stoliczek” (‘small table’), „piesek” (‘small dog’) or augmentatives: „bucisko” (‘big shoe’), „zamczysko” (‘big castle’), „psisko” (‘big dog’).

Intensifying or reducing a feature
Information on size and intensity also appears in adjectives, some of which have inscribed meaning of the intensity of a feature: „ogromny – ogromniasty”, „długi – długaśny”, while others say that a feature has become reduced: „biały – białawy”, „krótki – krótkawy”, „długi – długawy”.

Repeatability
Also in many verbs you will find information about the singleness, repeatability or multipleness of some events: „mówić” (to tell once), „mawiać” (to tell many times), „przepisać” (to rewrite once), „przepisywać” (to rewrite many times).