Alcohols - effects on the human body
what are common properties of methanol and ethanol;
how to distinguish alcohols based on their formulas or models of molecules;
what pictograms are used to mark the properties of alcohols.
list and discuss the use of methanol and ethanol;
list and discuss the effects the negative effects of methanol and ethanol on the human body.
Ethyl alcohol
The word alcohol is associated with alcoholic beverages available in stores. Beer, wine, vodka and spirits differ in the percentage of ethyl alcohol. However, each of these drinks works similarly on the human body and with excessive consumption can be dangerous.
Which products can contain ethyl alcohol in your opinion? Write down your answers.
Before you watch the movie „Detecting the presence of ethanol”, write down the research question and hypotheses. During the screening, pay attention to what happens to the test tube with compounds inserted into the hot water. Write down the observations and conclusions.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
Film prezentuje reakcję redukcji dwuchromianu sześć potasu do jonów chromu trzy pod wpływem etanolu, pozwalającą na wykrycie alkoholu etylowego, wykorzystywaną w niektórych alkomatach. Do wykonania eksperymentu wykorzystane są: kwas siarkowy sześć, dichromian sześć potasu, etanol, pipeta, zlewka z gorącą wodą. Laborant wkrapla do probówki z alkoholem etylowym roztwór dichromianu sześć potasu, a następnie dodaje pipetą kwas siarkowy sześć. Roztwór zmienia barwę z pomarańczowej na zieloną. Reakcję przyspiesza zanurzenie probówki w zlewce z gorącą wodą.
Alcohol consumed in small amounts causes a fake feeling of heat – it accelerates blood circulation, which in turn leads to faster cooling of the body. In winter, people who previously drank alcohol are often victims of frost. Addiction to alcohol is a disease called alcoholismalcoholism. Alcoholism occurs when about 25% of calories delivered to the body during the week comes from drinking alcohol. When the number of calories from alcohol is more than 80% per week, we talk about extreme alcoholism. Alcoholism is a physical and mental addiction to alcohol.
Before you watch the movie „Influence of ethanol on egg white”, write down the research question and hypotheses. Write down the observations and conclusions.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
Eksperyment etanol plus białko jaja. Do wykonania eksperymentu wykorzystane są: etanol oraz białko jajka. Substancje znajdują się w dwóch probówkach. Laborant wkrapla pipetą kilka kropli etanolu pobranych z jednej probówki do probówki, w której znajduje się jajo. Na górze probówki wytrąca się biały osad i kożuch.
Consider the influence of alcohol on the course of processes in the human body and on the functioning of its internal organs in the context of the conclusions drawn from the watched movie. Write down the answer.
Ethyl alcohol is the cause of severe liver, kidney, stomach and heart diseases, negatively affects the human nervous system. Consumed in larger quantities it impairs rational thinking, reduces self‑criticism and causes rush. Speech disorder appears and the coordination of movements disappears. Young people are the most exposed, because their developing brain cells are damaged. The dose that causes alcohol intoxication depends on the body's endurance.
Content of the alcohol | Typical symptom |
0.3‰ | distracted attention |
0.8‰ | excitability, impaired motor and visual coordination, reduced criticism |
1.5‰ | balance abnormalities, problems with logical thinking, delayed reaction time, aggressiveness, bravado |
2‰ | problems with speech, drowsiness, reduced control of behaviour and movement |
4‰ | drowsiness, the possibility of falling into a coma |
4–5‰ | poisoning, death (lethal dose is indicative, cases of survival at much higher doses are known) |
Driving motor vehicles with more than 0.2 ‰ of alcohol in blood is prohibited and punished in Poland. About 3 ‰ of alcohol is a threat to an adult's life. Typical fatal poisoning is caused by 4 ‰ of alcohol in the blood. The higher it is, the greater the size of the reaction and behaviour dysfunctions, impairing the efficiency of the person and the ability to act rationally.
Expand the tabs and read the information about alcohol.
Legal acts defining successive degrees of intoxication
- state after drinking alcohol - from 0.2 to 0.5 ‰ of alcohol in blood
- the inebriation threshold - 0.5 ‰ of blood alcohol li>
- state of insobriety - over 0.5 ‰ of alcohol in blood. li> ul>
What determines the concentration of alcohol in the blood?
- amount of consumed alcoholic beverages
- type of drinks
- weight
- gender
- body structure of a drinking person
- consumption time.
Methyl alcohol – strong poison
Methanol has many common properties with ethanol. These include: colour, smell, taste or solubility in water. Therefore, these alcohols are sometimes confused. Strong poisoning occurs due to mistaken drinking of methanol. The optic nerve, retina and cornea are damaged the most quickly, which results in irreversible loss of vision. There is no way to distinguish methanol from ethanol in home. The alcohols look, smell and taste exactly the same and combust with the same flame. There are known analytical methods that allow to distinguish these alcohols, but these are not widely available.
What are other applications of alcohol? Answer and click on the card, turning it over, and see if you were right.
| medical use | disinfectant |
| hygiene | anti-dandruff action |
| post control | insect repellent |
| cleaning | compounds such as window cleaner |
| cosmetic | component of after shave |
| kitchen | aroma for cakes |
In what amount of 40% (in percentage by mass) ethanol solution is contained 50 g of this alcohol?
- 100 g
- 125 g
- 80 g
- 150 g
Summary
Ethyl alcohol has a negative effect on the human body.
Methyl alcohol has many common properties with ethanol, its accidental intake may cause death.
In Poland, it is prohibited to buy and consume ethyl alcohol by people under 18 years of age.
Conduct an experiment that will demonstrate the effect of alcohol on the protein. For this purpose, add 3 – 4 cmIndeks górny 33 of ethanol, e.g. denatured alcohol to the egg white (e.g. placed in a glass).
Keywords
alcoholism, promil, chloroform, industrial spirit
Glossary
alkoholizm – choroba alkoholowa, uzależnienie od picia alkoholu
chloroform – pochodna metanu mająca jeden atom chloru w cząsteczce; silnie oddziałuje na układ nerwowy; ma właściwości narkotyczne i rakotwórcze
alkohol przemysłowy – etanol otrzymywany w wyniku syntezy chemicznej (mieszaniny ,i ); stosowany do produkcji płynu do spryskiwaczy, podpałki do grilla lub jako rozpuszczalnik w przemyśle