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Basic programmes in operating systems

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Podstawowe programy w systemach operacyjnych

You will learn
  • what groups you can divide software into,

  • what programmes are installed along with the operating system.

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nagranie abstraktu

Operating systems are systematically equipped with applications enabling additional functionality of the system. These programmes are installed along with an operating systemoperating systemoperating system on the initiative of a software provider. They can be divided into:

  • utility software,

  • application software,

  • entertainment software.

Utility softwareutility softwareUtility software is a software designed to manage a computer system.

Application softwareapplication softwareApplication software is a software that supports performing specific tasks and finding solution to the problems of the user of a computer system. The application softwareapplication softwareapplication software includes:

  • office applications,

  • web browsers and graphics and audio editors,

  • multimedia programmes,

  • programmes supporting electronic mail, calendars and the management of contacts.

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Ilustracja interaktywna Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia loga programów wbudowanych w system Windows 10. 1 - bloczek kartek papieru z wielką literą A, 2 - pudełka po płytach CD, na wierzchu koło z trójkątem w środku - znaczek odpowiadający PLAY, 3 - kształt 3D podobny do łzy, 4 - bloczek kartek papieru pokazany bokiem, 5 - paleta farb z pędzlem, 6 - kwadrat z rysunkiem przedstawiającym kalkulator. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. WordPad {audio}, 2. Windows Media Player {audio}, 3. Paint 3D {audio}, 4. Notepad {audio}, 5. Paint {audio}, 6. Calculator {audio}
Basic applications built in Windows
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu
  • Notepad is a simple text editortext editortext editor which was included already in the first version of the Windows system. It does not enable text formatting. As it does not add formatting tags to files, it is perfectly suitable for the edition of plain text files, e.g. system configuration files, programme files.

  • Wordpad is a text editortext editortext editor that enables applying the basic options of text formatting. It is available in the Windows systems from Windows 95 onwards. It supports files saved in the RTF file format as a standard. From the version included in Windows 7 onwards it also supports the Office Open file formats: XML and ODF.

  • Calculator is an application used to perform calculations on the computer. It offers several modes. The standard mode enables performing simple calculations. More advanced functions, like the trigonometric functions, exponentiation etc, are available in the scientific mode. The programmer mode offers numerical base conversions. The latest versions of the application enable new functions, e.g. unit conversion and currency conversion.

  • Paint is a simple graphics editorgraphics editorgraphics editor for creating and processing raster graphics. It supports BMP files and can save and read graphics saved in compressed JPG, GIF or PNG files. Currenly in new Windows version Paint is replaced by Paint 3D, which offers many new brushes and tools that enable creating 2D and 3D drawings.

  • Windows Media Player is an application used to play multimedia files:  video and audio. It supports standard music and video files typical for the computer and can also play classic CDs. It does not support DVD and Blu‑Ray. In order to play some file formats it is necessary to install additional codecs.

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Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia loga przykładowych programów wbudowanych w system Linux. 1 - Prostokąt podzielony na 5 mniejszych prostokątów, napis gedit, każda litera na osobnym małym prostokącie. 2 - Lis trzymający w pyszczku pędzel. 3 - Prostokątny głośnik, wokół niego półokręgi emitujące wydobywające się dźwięki. 4 - Kartka z zagiętym prawym, górnym rogiem, po prawej stronie napis LibreOffice, nad e wielka litera R w okręgu. 5 - kalkulator. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. Gedit {audio}, 2. Gimp {audio}, 3. Rhythmbox {audio}, 4. LibreOffice {audio}, 5. Calculator {audio}
Basic applications built in Linux
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

In the case of the Linux operating systems the situation is different. These systems are available in forms called Linux distributions. Each of them includes a different set of software. Of course the basic Windows applications have their most popular counterparts in these sets.

In the case of the Ubuntu distribution they are:

  • Gedit - a simple text editortext editortext editor which does not enable text formatting. Its big advantage is a syntax colouring, for instance during writing the code of web pages in HTML. It also offers the spellcheck function.

  • LibreOffice - a default office suite installed in Linux, a counterpart of Microsoft Office, including the LibreOffice Writer text editortext editortext editor, the LibreOffice Calc spreadsheet, the LibreOffice Impress presentation editor, and the LibreOffice Draw graphics editorgraphics editorgraphics editor.

  • Calculator, an application for performing calculations in Linux, is very extensive and offers many modes. The basic mode enables performing elementary calculations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and extraction of a root. The advanced mode is complemented with scientific functions like the trigonometric functions, logarithms and modulus. The financial mode enables currency conversion in accordance with the exchange rates downloaded from the internet. The programming mode offers numerical base conversions and logical functions. The calculator also enables unit conversion for various applications, such as: area, volume, weight, time, temperature, digital data and currency.

  • Gimp - an advanced graphics editorgraphics editorgraphics editor which is used to edit raster graphics. It enables for instance photo manipulation.

  • Rhythmbox -- an application for playing audio files. It supports many popular music file formats, e.g. mp3, m4a. The programme enables also burning CDs, displaying album covers and creating playlists.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Learn the applications available on your  computer. Create a list of the software in a text editortext editortext editor. Have you found applications which are different from the software discussed in the abstract?

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Write down in WordPad the names of the applications built in the operating systemoperating systemoperating system. Add a short description of the functionality of the software and graphics with the icon of each programme.

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nagranie abstraktu

Every operating systemoperating systemoperating system has a set of built‑in applicationbuilt‑in applicationbuilt‑in application software. By using it you can write a text, draw a picture, perform calculations, play music, watch a film. Each operating system has its own set of such programmes.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Notepad enables text formatting., 2. You can perform photo manipulation in Gimp., 3. Paint supports RTF files., 4. WordPad enables applying the basic options of text formatting. , 5. Windows Media Player is an application for playing multimedia files: video and audio., 6. LibreOffice Calc is a calculator in the Linux system.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Application software includes: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. office applications, 2. web browsers and graphics and sound editors, 3. multimedia programmes, 4. programmes supporting electronic mail, calendars and the management of contacts, 5. operating systems, 6. computer viruses
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 3

Describe in English the methods of text formatting which are offered by WordPad.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. system operacyjny - operating system, 2. aplikacja wbudowana - built-in application, 3. oprogramowanie użytkowe - application software, 4. oprogramowanie narzędziowe - utility software, 5. edytor tekstów - graphics editor, 6. edytor graficzny - text editor
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

operating system
operating system

system operacyjny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: operating system
built‑in application
built‑in application

aplikacja wbudowana

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wymowa w języku angielskim: built‑in application
application software
application software

oprogramowanie użytkowe

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wymowa w języku angielskim: application software
utility software
utility software

oprogramowanie narzędziowe

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wymowa w języku angielskim: utility software
text editor
text editor

edytor tekstu

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wymowa w języku angielskim: text editor
graphics editor
graphics editor

edytor graficzny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: graphics editor

Keywords

operating systemoperating systemoperating system

built‑in applicationbuilt‑in applicationbuilt‑in application

application softwareapplication softwareapplication software

utility softwareutility softwareutility software