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Bisectors of angles in the triangle

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Dwusieczne kątów w trójkącie

Learning objectives

You systematize your knowledge about the angle bisector. You will learn the angle bisector theorem.

Learning effect

  • You apply the properties of the angle bisector in problem solving tasks.

  • You describe mathematical reasoning in English. 

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nagranie abstraktu

Recall the definition of the angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector, the method of its construction and the basic property of points lying on the angle bisectors.

The angle bisector
Definition: The angle bisector
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nagranie abstraktu

The angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector is a ray that begins at the vertexvertexvertex of the angle and divides the angleangleangle into two congruent angles.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Draw any acute angleangleangle and construct the bisector of this angle.

Mark 4 points on the bisector. Investigate at what distance from sides of the angleangleangle each of the points lies. What do you notice?

The point on the bisector of an angle
Rule: The point on the bisector of an angle
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nagranie abstraktu

If a pointpointpoint lies on the bisector of an angle, then it is equidistant from the sidesideside of the angleangleangle.

In other words:

The bisector of an angleangleangle is a set of points whose distance from the sides of the angle is the same. Each pointpointpoint of the angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector is equidistant from the sides of the angleangleangle.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet. Change the position of vertexvertexvertex of the triangletriangletriangle and observe the intersection pointpointpoint of the angle bisectors of the triangle.

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Geogebra aplet - Przeciągając jeden z wierzchołków, zmieniamy trójkąt, a dwusieczne zawsze przecinają się w jednym punkcie. . Galeria z opisami alternatywnymi poniżej.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Decide whether:

  1. the angle bisectors of the triangle intersect at one pointpointpoint,

  2. the point of intersection is inside the triangletriangletriangle,

  3. the pointpointpoint of intersection is equidistant from the sides of the triangle.

Conclusion:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • The angle bisectors of the triangletriangletriangle intersect at one pointpointpoint. This point is the center of the incircleincircleincircle, also called the incenterincenterincenter of the triangle.

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nagranie abstraktu

Investigate the following problem and formulate the corresponding theorem.

Task 3
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In the ABC triangletriangletriangle, the bisector of the ABC angleangleangle has been drawn. This angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector intersects the AB sidesideside of the triangle at pointpointpoint D. Find  ADDB .

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nagranie abstraktu

A hint:

Note that the ADC and BDC triangles share the altitude from the vertex C. The altitudes of these triangles from vertexvertexvertex D are equal (the property of the angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector, i.e. pointpointpoint D is equidistant from the sides of these triangles). Using the formula for the areaareaarea of the triangletriangletriangle, show that ADDB=ACBC.

The angle bisector theorem
Rule: The angle bisector theorem
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nagranie abstraktu

The angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector of a triangletriangletriangle divides the opposite sidesideside into segments that are proportional to the adjacent sides. 

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Solve the following problems applying the properties of the angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector which you know.

Task 4
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- In an isosceles triangletriangletriangle, the bisectors of the base angles intersect at 150°. Find the measures of all angles in this triangle.

- The triangle with the sides 5, 7 and 10 is given. The bisector of one angleangleangle has divided the longest sidesideside into two segments. Find the lengths of these segments.

- The angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector divides the opposite sidesideside of the triangle into segments of the following lengths: 5 and 6. The perimeterperimeterperimeter of the triangletriangletriangle is 33. Find the lengths of the other two sides.

Task 5

An extra task:

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The angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector divides the opposite sidesideside of the triangle into segments of the following lengths: 3 and 6. Derive the formula for the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the triangle knowing the length of one of its sides. Is there a triangletriangletriangle that meets this condition which has the perimeterperimeterperimeter equal to 16 cm?

A hint:

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Remember that the inequality of the triangletriangletriangle should be satisfied.

Remember:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • The angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector divides an angleangleangle into two congruent angles.

  • The bisector of an angle is a set of points whose distance from the sides of the angleangleangle is the same.

  • The angle bisectors of the triangletriangletriangle intersect at one pointpointpoint. This point is the center of the incircleincircleincircle, also called the incenterincenterincenter of the triangle.

  • The angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector of the triangletriangletriangle divides the opposite sidesideside into segments that are proportional to the adjacent sides. 

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: The ASB angle and point P on the SA side are given. Inscribe a circle in this angle so that the sides are tangent to the circle and point P lies on this circle. What will be the first Step 1. Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Construct a perpendicular line to the SB side passing through point P., 2. Construct a perpendicular bisector of the line segment SA., 3. Construct a perpendicular bisector of the line segment SB., 4. Construct a perpendicular line to the SA side passing through point P.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

Find the length of the bisector of the right angle in the right triangle with side lengths of 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm.

Exercise 3

The angle bisector theorem can be proved using the similarity of triangles. The ABC triangle is given and the bisector of the ACB angle intersects side AB at point D. Analyze the drawing below and show that ADDB=ACBC. Describe the proof for this theorem in English. 

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. dwusieczna kąta - angle bisector, 2. pole - area, 3. obwód - perimeter, 4. trójkąt - triangle, 5. środek okręgu wpisanego - incircle, 6. okrąg wpisany - incenter
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

angle
angle

kąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: angle
angle bisector
angle bisector

dwusieczna kąta

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wymowa w języku angielskim: angle bisector
area
area

pole

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wymowa w języku angielskim: area
incenter
incenter

środek okręgu wpisanego

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wymowa w języku angielskim: incenter
incircle
incircle

okrąg wpisany

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nagranie abstraktu
perimeter
perimeter

obwód

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wymowa w języku angielskim: perimeter
point
point

punkt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: point
side
side

bok

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wymowa w języku angielskim: side
triangle
triangle

trójkąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: triangle
vertex
vertex

wierzchołek

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nagranie abstraktu

Keywords

angle bisectorangle bisectorangle bisector - nazywamy tak półprostą, której początkiem jest wierzchołek kąta i która dzieli dany kąt na dwa równe kąty

incenterincenterincenter

incircleincircleincircle

triangletriangletriangle – figura geometryczna, która ma trzy wierzchołki, trzy kąty, trzy boki

vertexvertexvertex