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Circles and circumferences

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Koła i okręgi

Learning objectives

You will learn to distinguish the circle and the circumferences and you will learn the concepts of: the radius, the chord and the diameter.

Learning effect

  • You can identify, name and draw circumferences and circles of a given centre, radius and diameter.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Prepare a few round, flat objects (for example lids, plates, rings). Your first task is to divide the objects into groups, depending on their mutual characteristics (you should disregard the size of the objects). The result of the classification should be distinguishing between round, ‘full’ objects and round ‘empty inside’ objects. Objects belonging to the first group are in shape of circles and those belonging to the other are circumferences.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Think about the possible definition of the circumferencecircumferencecircumference and the circlecirclecircle.

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nagranie abstraktu

Conclusion

circumferencecircumferencecircumference whose centre is pointpointpoint S and the radiusradiusradius is r is a collection of all points of the planeplaneplane whose distance from the centre S is equal to r.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

circlecirclecircle whose centre is pointpointpoint S and the radiusradiusradius is r is a collection of all points of the planeplaneplane whose distance from the centre S is smaller than or equal to r.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Based on the definitions and the exercises done at the beginning of the class, what differences between circlecirclecircle and circumferencecircumferencecircumference do you see?

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nagranie abstraktu

Conclusions:

  • the centre of the circlecentre of the circlecentre of the circle belongs to the circlecirclecircle, the centre of the circumferencecircumferencecircumference does not belong to the circumference;

  • the radiusradiusradius of the circlecirclecircle is located entirly within the circlecirclecircle, while only one end of the radiusradiusradius belongs to the circlecirclecircle.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet. Your task is to locate points on the planeplaneplane, according the conditions given in the applet.

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Aplet geogebry: Punkt, okrąg i koło. Poniżej znajduje się galeria ilustracji stanowiących alternatywę dla apletu.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Identify the elements of the circlecirclecircle:

  • The radiusradiusradius of the circumferencecircumferencecircumference is the line segment connecting the centre with a pointpointpoint located on the circumferencecircumferencecircumference, i.e the line segment SD.

  • The chordchordchord of the circumferencecircumferencecircumference – the line segment connecting two points located on the circumference, i.e. the line segment BC.

  • The diameterdiameterdiameter of the circumferencecircumferencecircumference – the line segment connecting two points located on the circumferencecircumferencecircumference, going through the centre of the circumferencecircumferencecircumference, i.e. the line segment EF.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

Conclusions

  • the diameterdiameterdiameter is the longest chordchordchord;

  • the diameterdiameterdiameter is twice as long as the radiusradiusradius.

Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

Draw a circumferencecircumferencecircumference whose radiusradiusradius is 4 cm. They mark points A, B, C and D in such a way that pointpointpoint A is the centre of the circumferencecircumferencecircumference, the line segment AB is the radiusradiusradius, the line segment BC is the diameterdiameterdiameter and the line segment CD is the chordchordchord.

Task 7
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nagranie abstraktu

Draw the circumferencecircumferencecircumference whose diameterdiameterdiameter is 8 cm on one piece of paper and a circlecirclecircle whose radiusradiusradius is 5 cm on another. With green colour they mark the points of the planeplaneplane (piece of paper) that do not belong to the circumferencecircumferencecircumference and the circlecirclecircle, respectively.

Task 8
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nagranie abstraktu

Draw the line segment KL and pointpointpoint S that is not located on the line segment. Their task is to draw a circlecirclecircle whose centre is pointpointpoint S and the radiusradiusradius is the line segment KL.

Task 9
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nagranie abstraktu

Draw the line segment MN and points A and B located on the line segment. Their task is to draw:

a) a circlecirclecircle whose centre is pointpointpoint A and the diameterdiameterdiameter is MB,

b) a circumferencecircumferencecircumference whose centre is pointpointpoint B and the radiusradiusradius is MN.

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nagranie abstraktu

Do the revision exercises.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Does point A, located on the line segment BC, belong to the circumference whose centre is point B and the radius is BC?, 2. Is the diameter of the circle a line segment twice as long as the radius of this circle?, 3. Is each chord of the circumference its diameter?, 4. Is a line segment connecting two points located on the circumference the radius of the circumference?, 5. Is the diameter the longest chord?
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

Draw the line segment AB whose length is 3 cm. Then:

a) draw the circumferences whose centre is point A and the radius AB,
b) draw the circle whose centre is point B and the radius is 1 cm 5 mm.

Exercise 3

Name all radiuses, chords and diameters presented in the picture. Write the answers in English.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. okrąg - circumference, 2. koło - circle, 3. promień - radius, 4. średnica - diameter, 5. cięciwa - plane, 6. należy - chord
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

belongs
belongs

należy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: belongs
centre of the circle
centre of the circle

środek koła

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wymowa w języku angielskim: centre of the circle
chord
chord

cięciwa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: chord
circle
circle

koło

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wymowa w języku angielskim: circle
circumference
circumference

okrąg

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wymowa w języku angielskim: circumference
diameter
diameter

średnica

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wymowa w języku angielskim: diameter
plane
plane

płaszczyzna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: plane
point
point

punkt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: point
radius
radius

promień

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wymowa w języku angielskim: radius

Keywords

chordchordchord

circumferencecircumferencecircumference - whose centre is point S and the radius is r - a collection of all points of the plane whose distance from the centre S is equal to r

circlecirclecircle - whose centre is point S and the radius is r - a collection of all points of the plane whose distance from the centre S is smaller than or equal to r

diameterdiameterdiameter

radiusradiusradius