Komunikacja w internecie

The client–server model is the architecture of a computer system, and particularly of a computer software, that enables partitioning tasks. A client is a component whose task is to request access to a given service or resource, while the server component provides services or resources. The most common servers operating based on the above architecture are an email server, web server or file server. One server can provide services to multiple clients at the same time and one client can request the function of multiple servers.

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Ilustracja przedstawia otwartą skrzynkę pocztową, w której widoczna jest koperta.

An email clientemail clientemail client is a computer programme that enables a computer user to receive and send electronic mail. Its operation is based on using Internet protocols – in the case of sending mail the programme connects to a mail servermail servermail server by using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) to send messages, while in the case of receiving mail it connects to the same server by using the Post Office Protocol (POP3) or the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) to download messages. The most popular email clients are: Mozzilla Thunderbird (free), Microsoft Outlook (you can buy it as part MS Office suite or separately) and Windows Mail (for the users of the system).

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is an Internet protocolInternet protocolInternet protocol that defines the way of the electronic mail transmission. It specifies at least one recipient of a message and then transfers its content.

POP3 (Post Office Protocol) is an Internet protocol that enables to retrieve electronic mail from a mail servermail servermail server. When it connects to a network, it can download the incoming emails to a local computer. It has some disadvantages, among others you can only download and delete mail with it, you cannot choose the messages that are to be downloaded, you cannot create multiple mailboxes (all messages are downloaded to one mailbox).

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a more advanced Internet protocolInternet protocolInternet protocol that enables to retrieve electronic mail from a mail server. With IMAP you can access the range of functions which are not available with POP3 – among others you can manage multiple mail folders, download message headers and choose which messages are to be downloaded to a local computer as well as manage emails and folders located on the mail server. The advantage of IMAP is that it does not delete email messages from the server while downloading them to a local computer by using an email clientemail clientemail client programme.

Some web portals, apart from electronic mail, offer the range of other services which can be accessed by their users, e.g. a space on a virtual disc drive, maps, a calendar, images.

A discussion groupdiscussion groupdiscussion group refers to the form of discussion that resemble the exchange of correspondence (it does not take place in real time). It can take many forms, e.g. discussion forums available via web sites or mailing discussion lists. Nowadays the groups of individuals interested in a given topic are more and more often formed with the use of social networking services.

A discussion list is the oldest form of a discussion groupdiscussion groupdiscussion group. It has its own email address – when a message is sent to this address, the server sends its copy to every person on the list. Such lists are often moderated – a moderator censors (moderates) messages before they are sent to all users. This allows to eliminate messages which are i.a. spam or do not conform to netiquette.

Social networking services are web services based on online applications that are used to create a community and share information, interests, images, films etc. Every user creates their own profile.

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Ilustracja przedstawia ścianę wypełnioną logami serwisów społecznościowych (YouTube, Facebok, Google+, Twitter). Na jej tle stoją dwie postacie z kreskówki ubrane jak policjanci. Mężczyzna ma w ręku kajdanki, kobieta pałkę policyjną,

Negative online phenomena

Online hate is a type of speech with the purpose to anonymously attack someone or something. Most often such negative opinions are not argued and are expressed in an impolite, rude or aggressive way.

Trolling is an antisocial behaviour that you can come across on discussion forums or social networking services. A troll posts messages on the Internet that try to ridicule something or someone or pretend an intent to learn about a topic and thus encourage other users to heated discussions, often leading to quarrels, which may result in disorganising a given web site, e.g. a forum.

A spoiler is a piece of information about the ending or important plot details of a novel, film or computer game that is shared on the Internet and that other Internet users would not want to know beforehand.

Spam is an unwanted electronic message, usually sent on a mass scale. It can be divided into two categories:

• commercial spam (advertising) is an unsolicited sales offer, currently forbidden by both Polish and European law,

• non‑commercial spam is an unsolicited mass mail, usually from community organisations or political parties, or requests for help.

Flooding is sending multiple messages at very short time intervals or a single message repeatedly, or empty (distorted) messages.

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Zdjęcie przedstawia dłonie trzymające kartkę z napisem NO.

Communication over the Internet refers to more than just using electronic mail. Nowadays many web portals offer chat services and integrated instant messengers. Remember to follow the principles of online safety.

Exercises

Glossary

Keywords

discussion groupdiscussion groupdiscussion group

email clientemail clientemail client

social networking servicesocial networking servicesocial networking service