Earth’s layers (spheres)
that geography is one of several natural sciences;
that geography deals with both human activity and the natural environment.
name the spheres of the Earth and determine their composition;
show dependencies between all spheres;
describe what Moho discontinuity is;
Solve the crossword.
- A country located on a very large peninsula in northern Europe.
- A continent with a conventional border with Europe.
- The name of the highest Polish summit.
- The name of the longest parallel.
- The third planet from the Sun.
- The upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.
- The highest mountain range in Europe is ....
- The largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.
- It is a field of science that deals with the diversification of the Earth's surface, interdependencies between its components and the human activity within it.
- A transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
- The longest river in the world.
- The sea north of Poland.
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We distinguish five spheres of the Earth that interact with each other and interpenetrate themselves.
LithosphereLithosphere (from the Greek word lithos meaning “stone”) – a rock layer separating the hot interior of the Earth from its surface.
HydrosphereHydrosphere (from the Greek word hydro meaning „water”) – includes waters in the seas, oceans, lakes and rivers, in glaciers and ice‑sheets, as well as water in the air, soil and rocks.
AtmosphereAtmosphere (from the Greek word atmos , i.e. “water vapour, vapour”) – a gaseous coating surrounding the lithosphere and the hydrosphere.
BiosphereBiosphere (from the Greek word bios – “life”) – a sphere that includes living creatures on our planet.
PedospherePedosphere (from the Greek word pedon meaning “soil”) – distinguished by many geographers, a soil layer closely related to the biosphere, consisting of crumbs of rocks, water, atmospheric gases, as well as organisms and their remains.
Look at the illustration below to find out how the layers of the Earth are placed. Pay attention to the convective currents inside the Earth. Think about how spheres can affect each other, and then solve the exercises.
Look for information about Mohorovičić discontinuity in available sources. What phenomenon does it apply? Where does it occur? Make a note about it here or in your notebook.
Look at the exposed rocks of the Earth's mantle. What do you see? Tell others about your observations.
The Earth's surface is called the hydrosphere.
The Tu uzupełnij coating surrounding the lithosphere and hydrosphere is called the atmosphere.
At the interface of all the spheres of the Earth, Tu uzupełnij, the sphere of the world showing signs of life.
Remind yourself what you know about the Earth's layers and complete the sentences.
The rock shell on the surface of the Earth is .......................
The Earth's surface is called the hydrosphere.
The ............ coating surrounding the lithosphere and hydrosphere is called the atmosphere.
At the interface of all the spheres of the Earth, .................., the sphere of the world showing signs of life.
Match the given definitions to the names of the Earth's spheres.
a sphere that includes living beings on our planet., it consists of crumbs of rocks, water, atmospheric gases, as well as organisms and their remains., it includes water in the seas, oceans, lakes and rivers, in glaciers and ice-sheets, as well as water in the air, soil and rocks., a gas layer surrounding the lithosphere and the hydrosphere., a rock layer separating the hot interior of the earth from its surface.
| lithosphere | |
| pedosphere | |
| hydrosphere | |
| atmosphere | |
| biosphere |
Keywords
sphere, Earth, layer, Mohorovičić discontinuity
Glossary
atmosfera - gazowa powłoka Ziemi otaczająca litosferę i hydrosferę; nazwa pochodzi od greckiego słowa atmos, co znaczy 'para wodna, opar'
biosfera - sfera świata wykazująca oznaki życia, powstała na styku wszystkich sfer ziemskich; nazwa pochodzi od greckiego słowa bios – 'życie'
hydrosfera - wody na Ziemi zawarte w morzach, oceanach, jeziorach, rzekach, lodowcach i lądolodach oraz wody występujące w powietrzu, glebie i skałach; nazwa hydrosfera pochodzi od greckiego słowa hydro oznaczającego 'wodę'
litosfera - zewnętrzna, skalna powłoka Ziemi, tworząca sztywną, ale niejednolitą (podzieloną na płyty litosferyczne) warstwę; litosfera obejmuje skorupę ziemską oraz górną część płaszcza; jej miąższość (grubość) wynosi od kilku do ponad 100 km; nazwa litosfera pochodzi od greckiego słowa lithos, czyli 'kamień'
pedosfera - to zewnętrzna warstwa litosfery, która umożliwia rozwój roślin.