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Electrical power

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Moc prądu elektrycznego

You will learn
  • derive the formula for the power of the electric current,

  • three different forms that you will use depending on your needs in English.

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nagranie abstraktu

Answer the introductory questions for the lesson.

  1. Introduce Ohm's law.

  2. What is the resistance of a conductor?

  3. Describe the three basic formulas with which you can determine the work of electric current.

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nagranie abstraktu

The work of an electric current is expressed by following formulas:

W=UIt
W=I2Rt
W=U2tR

In order to determine the formula for the power of the electric current P, it is enough to divide the work done by the electric current by the time in which the work was done.

Using the definition of power P=Wt and substituting formulas for the work of electric current, we get:

P=UItt
P=I2Rtt
P=U2tRt

After mathematical simplifications, we finally obtain the desired formulas:

P=UI
P=I2R
P=U2R

When to use the above formulas? We will explain it by examples.

Exercise 1
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nagranie abstraktu

An electric heater connected to a 230 V home installation is supplied with a current of 5 A. What is the power of the electric heater?

Exercise 2
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nagranie abstraktu

In the circuit of the Christmas tree lighting, a 0,5 A current is flowing through the bulb with resistance 2 Ω. What is the power of the bulb?

Exercise 3
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nagranie abstraktu

A light bulb with resistance 1 Ω is connected to a flat battery with a voltagevoltagevoltage of 5 V. What power is dissipated by the bulb?

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nagranie abstraktu

The above examples show that the use of formulas for power is primarily due to the data we have.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Pokaz slajdów – różne moce różnych urządzeń. Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).
Different powers of different devices
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Summary
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nagranie abstraktu
  • Power can be defined as the ability of the system to perform a given work within a given time. The faster the work is done, the higher the power and conversely:

    P=Wt
  • Substituting in the last equation the formula for the work of electric current we get:

    P=qUt
  • Since the ratio of charge q to the time t is the intensity of the electric current, its power is equal to:

    P=I·U
  • By combining the last equation with Ohm's law (U=IR), two other formulas for the power of electric currentpower of electric currentpower of electric current can be given, i.e.:

    P=I2R
    P=U2R

    where:
    R - electrical resistance.

Exercises

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Exercise 4
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The power of the device depends on the resistance of the electrical receiver. , 2. If we increase the voltage supplying the electrical receiver twice, the power will also double. , 3. Two resistors are connected in series and then connected to a voltage source. More power is dissipated by the resistor with less resistance. , 4. Two resistors are connected in parallel and then connected to a voltage source. More power is dissipated by the resistor with less resistance.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 5

Two identical 100 W light bulbs adapted for 220 V voltagevoltagevoltage are connected in series. Then, the voltage of 220 V is also connected to such a circuit. Calculate the power dissipated bypower dissipated bypower dissipated by each bulb.

Exercise 6

Power lines transmit very high power over long distances. Write in English shortly why it is done under very high voltage.

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Exercise 7
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. wydzielanie mocy - power of electric current, 2. odbiornik energii - electrical receiver, 3. napięcie - voltage, 4. moc wydzielona na - power dissipated by, 5. moc prądu - power dissipation
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

electrical receiver
electrical receiver

odbiornik energii

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wymowa w języku angielskim: electrical receiver
power dissipated by
power dissipated by

moc wydzielona na

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wymowa w języku angielskim: power dissipated by
power dissipation
power dissipation

wydzielanie mocy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: power dissipation
power of electric current
power of electric current

moc prądu

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wymowa w języku angielskim: power of electric current
voltage
voltage

napięcie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: voltage

Keywords

electrical receiverelectrical receiverelectrical receiver

power of electric currentpower of electric currentpower of electric current

voltagevoltagevoltage