Before you do the „Electrifying objects” experiment, write down the research question and the hypothesis. Then follow the attached instruction. Make observations during the task, and finally - conclusions.
Electrifying objects
Experiment 1
Electrifying objects
You will need
balloon
you
Instruction
Take a balloon and rub it with your hair.
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Journal - the relationship between the shape of the object and the resistance of the center
Analysis of the experiment.
Research question (Uzupełnij).
Hypothesis (Uzupełnij). Observations (Uzupełnij).
Conclusions (Uzupełnij).
Journal - the relationship between the shape of the object and the resistance of the center
Analysis of the experiment.
Research question (Uzupełnij).
Hypothesis (Uzupełnij). Observations (Uzupełnij).
Conclusions (Uzupełnij).
Analysis of the experiment
The hair becomes electrified when it is rubbed with a comb or brush. Similarly, when we quickly remove the sweater, we hear crackling, and if it is dark, we can see sparks jumping. These phenomena are generally called static electricityelectrifying objectsstatic electricity. Let's conduct a simple experiment. We can use a piece of real amber for it, and if we do not have it, just a simple plastic ruler.
Electrifying objects
Experiment 2
Checking if rubbing affects the electrification of objects.
You will need
amber or ruler,
sheet of paper,
piece of cotton fabric.
Instruction
Tear the paper into small pieces.
Move the amber or ruler closer to pieces of paper. Make a note of what you see.
Rub the amber or ruler with a piece of cotton fabric vigorously for several dozen seconds.
Move the amber or ruler close to the paper
Summary
Initially, there is no reaction. If, however, the amber or ruler has been sufficiently vigorously rubbed, it will start to attract pieces of paper.
We produce electrical charges
Electric charges are easily caused by rubbing one object with another.This charge does not move like in an electric wire, but stays in one place, which is why it is called electrostatic. These charges appear, among others, when combing hair or rubbing woolen clothes. The electric charge is most easily caused by rubbing an object with another one that is already electrified, or close by these bodies. You can also rub two non‑electrified objects against each other – then the charges appear on each of them.
How does lightning arise?
Where does lightning come from? What in the clouds could generate electric charges?
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Grafika przedstawia zobrazowanie wyładowania atmosferyczne: dwie szare chmury obok siebie z różowymi plusami u góry i niebieskimi minusami na dole. Obok chmur są trzy żółte pioruny. Pod lewą chmurą jest brązowe, bezlistne drzewo z różowymi plusami. Na zielonej powierzchni ziemi również są różowe plusy. Na grafice są napisy: discharges between clouds, discharges inside the clouds, discharges to the ground.
The electrification in the cloud is caused by the constant rubbing of drops of water and ice crystals. When the discharge occurs, the lightning goes to the highest point in the area
Source: autor, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Lightning strikes when there is a phenomenon of electrification in the cloud. The favorable conditions prevail only in storm cloudsstormonly in storm clouds. The hot air rises, at the same time carrying water molecules with each other at high altitudes, where drops of water and ice crystals form. They collect electric charges in the air and dust. After all, the amount of charges generated is so large that there is a powerful electric discharge. This is called lightninglightninglightning.
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Fotografia w tonacji ciemno granatowej przedstawia rozgałęziony piorun który został uchwycony nad rzeką wieczorową porą , po prawej stronie i w oddali widać światła które są emitowane przez miasto.
Lightning
Source: Jp Marquis, http://commons.wikimedia.org, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
How to behave during a storm?
Lightning, or more accurately atmospheric dischargesatmospheric dischargeatmospheric discharges, it is an extremely spectacular phenomenon, but very dangerous. Why? Atmospheric discharge is very powerful – it can generate a voltage up to several hundred million volts! So how should one behave to avoid being struck by lightning?
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Grafika przedstawia zachowanie podczas burzy w domu. Po prawej stronie grafiki fragment domu piętrowego z ceglastym kominem, brązowym dachem trzema oknami u góry. Parter jest przedstawiony w formie otwartej do wnętrza domu. Na zewnątrz jest burza piorun, pada deszcz. Na lewo są trzy ilustracje w kółkach. Pierwsza sylwetka chłopca zamykającego okno, druga sylwetkę chłopca zamykającego drzwi, trzecia rękę ludzką wyciągającą kabel z kontaktu. Obok ilustracji umieszczono opisy: during a storm at home:close the windows, close the apartment door, pull out the plugs from the electrical sockets.
Behavior during the storm - at home
Source: Zachowanie podczas burzy – w domu, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Grafika przedstawia zachowanie podczas burzy- na dworze. Po lewej stroje jest ilustracja przedstawiająca burzę z piorunami, padający deszcz oraz bezlistne drzewo pod którym stoi chłopiec w czerwonej kurtce z kapturem i rozmawia przez telefon. Za drzewem jest sylwetka tego samego chłopca, który kuca. Po prawej części grafiki są trzy ilustracje w dwie pierwsze są przekreślone na czerwono kółkach, ostatnia jest nieprzekreślona. Pierwsza przedstawia sylwetkę człowieka rozmawiającego przez telefon, druga, fragment palącej się gałęzi i biały piorun, trzecia sylwetkę człowieka, który kuca. Na grafice są opisy:during an outdoor storm:do not use a mobile phone, do not stand next to trees or other tall objects, crouch and bend your head, avoid puddles.
Behavior during a storm - outside
Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Lightning carries enormous energy. Its impact can damage homes and electrical appliances, cause fires. It carries a significant electric charge, which is why it is very dangerous for a human being. How to avoid a lightning strike? It must be remembered that lightning travels along the shortest path connecting the cloud to the ground, so that it can be discharged as soon as possible. Operating electrical devices or large metal structures can attract lightning because they are good electrical conductors. Fortunately, the sounds of thunder can be heard from a distance, so we have time to get ready.
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Exercise 1
Jednokrotny wybór. Indicate proper behavior during a storm. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Open windows and doors. It is best to ventilate the house during a storm., 2. Pull the plug from the socket only those devices that do not work., 3. Turn on the news on the TV, keep track of what's happening with the weather., 4. When you are outside, call your parents and tell them how hard it is raining., 5. Never hide under trees, do everything to not be the highest object in the field.
Jednokrotny wybór. Indicate proper behavior during a storm. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Open windows and doors. It is best to ventilate the house during a storm., 2. Pull the plug from the socket only those devices that do not work., 3. Turn on the news on the TV, keep track of what's happening with the weather., 4. When you are outside, call your parents and tell them how hard it is raining., 5. Never hide under trees, do everything to not be the highest object in the field.
Indicate proper behavior during a storm.
Open windows and doors. It is best to ventilate the house during a storm.
Pull the plug from the socket only those devices that do not work.
Turn on the news on the TV, keep track of what's happening with the weather.
When you are outside, call your parents and tell them how hard it is raining.
Never hide under trees, do everything to not be the highest object in the field.
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Exercise 2
Ćwiczenie wskaż prawdziwe stwierdzenia.
Select which sentences are true and which are false.. Rubbed amber attracts pieces of paper because it has been electrified by friction.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. You can electrify an object that is not made of a current conductor.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. Electrification through friction causes electrification of only one body - the one we rub.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False
Ćwiczenie wskaż prawdziwe stwierdzenia.
Select which sentences are true and which are false.. Rubbed amber attracts pieces of paper because it has been electrified by friction.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. You can electrify an object that is not made of a current conductor.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False. Electrification through friction causes electrification of only one body - the one we rub.. Możliwe odpowiedzi: True, False
Select which sentences are true and which are false.
True
False
Rubbed amber attracts pieces of paper because it has been electrified by friction.
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□
You can electrify an object that is not made of a current conductor.
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□
Electrification through friction causes electrification of only one body - the one we rub.
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□
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Exercise 3
Jednokrotny wybór. Choose the true sentence. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Lightning is the sound effect that reaches our ear., 2. Lightning is an atmospheric discharge, the flow of electric current through the Earth's atmosphere., 3. Lightning is a flow of warm air between the cloud and the ground.
Jednokrotny wybór. Choose the true sentence. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Lightning is the sound effect that reaches our ear., 2. Lightning is an atmospheric discharge, the flow of electric current through the Earth's atmosphere., 3. Lightning is a flow of warm air between the cloud and the ground.
Choose the true sentence.
Lightning is the sound effect that reaches our ear.
Lightning is an atmospheric discharge, the flow of electric current through the Earth's atmosphere.
Lightning is a flow of warm air between the cloud and the ground.
Summary
By rubbing your objects against each other, you can generate electric charges on their surface.
One of the effects of electrifying bodies is the accumulation of electric charges in storm clouds and lightning strikes.
During a storm, be careful and follow specific rules.
burza – zjawisko atmosferyczne, któremu mogą towarzyszyć intensywne opady deszczu, a nawet gradu. W trakcie burzy dochodzi do wyładowania elektrycznego w atmosferze
piorun – wyładowanie między chmurami, które dochodzi w momencie naelektryzowania chmur, spowodowany ocieraniem się o siebie kropel wody i kryształków lodu. Piorun jest zauważalny w formie błysku
