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Influence of resistance to motion on moving bodies

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Wpływ oporów ruchu na poruszające się ciała

You will learn
  • why the moving bodies stop,

  • how to recognize the influence of resistance to motion on moving bodies using English vocabulary.

Exercise 1

Answer the questions.

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nagranie abstraktu

a) Give a definition of motion.
b) Give quantities describing motion of the body.
c) List factors hindering motion of the body.

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Pokaz multimedialny - Tocząca się kula z uwzględnieniem sił oporu ruchu. Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the presented slides

1. The ball at the initial moment had the maximum speed.
2. The speed of the ball decreased because at regular intervals the distance travelled by the ball was smaller and smaller.
3. The motion of the ball was a decelerated motion.
4. The ball stopped after four seconds of motion.
5. The reason for stopping were contact interactions which counteracted the motion of the ball.
6. The forces of contact interactions which counteracted the motion of the ball are called the forces of resistance to motionresistance to motionresistance to motion (frictionfrictionfriction forces).

Moving body
Definition: Moving body
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nagranie abstraktu

All moving bodies in our environment encounter forces that counteract their motion. They may, for example, be the result of resistance of a medium in which the body is moving, or friction between the surface and the moving body. We define them with one common name - resistance to motionresistance to motionresistance to motion.

Experiment 1
Experiment 1
Research problem
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nagranie abstraktu

Study what factors the forces of resistance to motion depend on.

You will need
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  • bread cutting board,

  • deep bowl with water.

Instruction
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Pour water into the bowl.

1. Place the board perpendicular to the surface of the water and then immerse it in water.
2. Start slowly moving it in direction perpendicular to its surface.
3. Move the board faster and faster.
4. Set the board parallel to the water surface, then immerse it.
5. Start moving the board parallel to the water surface.
6. Perform similar experiment in the air.

Summary
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nagranie abstraktu

When you move the immersed board faster and faster, the resistance of the water becomes larger and larger. When you move the board perpendicular to the water surface, you feel greater resistance to motion than if you placed the board parallel. In the air, the experiment has similar result - only the resistance of the air is smaller.

Conclusion
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Resistance to motion:

  • increases as the speed of the body increases relative to the medium,

  • depends on the shape of the body,

  • is larger in liquids than in gases,

  • depends on the density of the medium in which the body moves.

Exercise 2
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nagranie abstraktu
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Which answer is true? The plane flies without changing speed or height. The engines push it forward with a force of one hundred and fifty kilonewtons. What is the magnitude of the force of resistance to motion F caused by the air resistance? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. F is greater than one hundred and fifty kilonewtons, 2. F is less than one hundred and fifty kilonewtons, 3. F equals one hundred and fifty kilonewtons.
Exercise 3
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nagranie abstraktu

The parachute jumper falls in uniform motion. The weight of the parachute jumper together with the parachute is 800 N. What is the magnitude of the force of air resistance?
Draw the forces acting on the jumper.

Exercise 4
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Give an example of a mechanical device in which you can change the resistance to motion by changing its shape.

Summary
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nagranie abstraktu

Resistance to motionresistance to motionResistance to motion:

  • increases as the speed of the body increases relative to the medium

  • depends on the shape of the body,

  • is larger in liquids than in gases,

  • depends on the density of the medium in which the body moves.

Exercises

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Exercise 5
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true.
In order to reduce the resistance to motion of the air, skiers use: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. the right posture during the jump., 2. suitable aerodynamic overalls., 3. narrow and fairly short skis., 4. special creams., 5. special sprays.
Exercise 6

In the situation presented in the picture, mark the vectors showing the forces acting on the block moving in a uniform motion.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 7

Write in English two examples from everyday life.

a) Where large resistance to motion is needed?

b) Where small resistance to motion is needed?

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Exercise 8
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. opory ruchu - resistance to motion, 2. oddziaływanie - interaction, 3. opóźnienie - deceleration, 4. tor ruchu - trajectory, 5. hamowanie - friction, 6. tarcie - braking
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

acceleration
acceleration

przyspieszenie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: acceleration
braking
braking

hamowanie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: braking
deceleration
deceleration

opóźnienie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: deceleration
displacement
displacement

przemieszczenie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: displacement
friction
friction

tarcie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: friction
interaction
interaction

oddziaływanie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: interaction
resistance to motion
resistance to motion

opory ruchu

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wymowa w języku angielskim: resistance to motion
stop
stop

zatrzymanie się

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wymowa w języku angielskim: stop
trajectory
trajectory

tor ruchu

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wymowa w języku angielskim: trajectory
velocity
velocity

prędkość

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wymowa w języku angielskim: velocity

Keywords

accelerationaccelerationacceleration

decelerationdecelerationdeceleration

frictionfrictionfriction

interactioninteractioninteraction

resistance to motionresistance to motionresistance to motion