Selection of a woman as king was an unprecedented situation in Europe at that time. In 1385, in Krewo, Polish nobles concluded an agreement with Jagiełło, Grand Duke of Lithuania (lit. Jogaila). Jagiełło was baptized (called Władysław), married Jadwiga and became the Polish king in 1386. Poland and Lithuania were merged with personal unionpersonal unionpersonal union. Both countries felt threatened by an aggressive neighbor – the state of the Teutonic Order. After the death of Jadwiga (in 1399), Władysław Jagiełło was accepted by Polish nobles as an independent king. He initiated the reign of the Jagiellonian dynastydynastydynasty in Poland.
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Exercise 1
Think of why the young queen Jadwiga could not rule Poland on her own. Tick the correct answers. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. She could have been influenced by inappropriate people., 2. She did not have a brother., 3. She did not have good advisors., 4. She was underage., 5. She lacked experience in governing the state.
Think of why the young queen Jadwiga could not rule Poland on her own. Tick the correct answers. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. She could have been influenced by inappropriate people., 2. She did not have a brother., 3. She did not have good advisors., 4. She was underage., 5. She lacked experience in governing the state.
Think of why the young queen Jadwiga could not rule Poland on her own. Tick the correct answers.
She could have been influenced by inappropriate people.
She did not have a brother.
She did not have good advisors.
She was underage.
She lacked experience in governing the state.
Exercise 2
Read the extract of Jan Długosz's chroniclechroniclechronicle and then do the exercises.
Jan DługoszYearbooks, the chronicles of the famous Kingdom of Poland
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Ilustracja przedstawiająca Jana Długosza.
Jan Długosz
Source: Bronislaw Puc, Jan Matejko, Wikimedia Commons, domena publiczna.
Jogaila, the Great Duke of Lithuania, after setting off to become the ruler of the Kingdom of Poland and marry the Queen Jadwiga, with his brothers and big courtly retinue, accompanied by numerous carriages filled with treasures, paraphernalia and adornments, finally arrived in Poland. He was guided by Polish envoys through Lublin, where he purposefully stayed a few days, in order for the news of his arrival to be spread out between the lords. From Lublin he slowly headed for Kraków. [...] He arrived in Kraków on Tuesday, 12th February, and surrounded by numerous lords of Lithuania and Ruthenia, with great splendor he celebrated his entrance into the city. From there he was later lead into the castle, straight to Queen Jadwiga, who welcomed him in her regal chambers, accompanied by ladies‑in‑waiting and other women. Jogaila, after examining her beauty in admiration (during the time under consideration there was no woman of greater beauty than the Queen’s, or so it was said), the next day sent her [...] very expensive gifts of gold, silver, jewels and clothes.
Jagiełło Source: Jan Długosz, Yearbooks, the chronicles of the famous Kingdom of Poland, Kraków 1878-1887.
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Which city did Jagiełło cross when riding from Vilnius to Kraków? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Lublin, 2. Gdańsk, 3. Wrocław, 4. Gniezno
Which city did Jagiełło cross when riding from Vilnius to Kraków? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Lublin, 2. Gdańsk, 3. Wrocław, 4. Gniezno
Which city did Jagiełło cross when riding from Vilnius to Kraków?
Lublin
Gdańsk
Wrocław
Gniezno
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Jagiełło traveled to Kraków to... Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. take over the Polish Kingdom., 2. take part in a knight tournament., 3. sign the Polish-Lithuanian Union., 4. marry king of Poland Jadwiga.
Jagiełło traveled to Kraków to... Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. take over the Polish Kingdom., 2. take part in a knight tournament., 3. sign the Polish-Lithuanian Union., 4. marry king of Poland Jadwiga.
Jagiełło traveled to Kraków to...
take over the Polish Kingdom.
take part in a knight tournament.
sign the Polish-Lithuanian Union.
marry king of Poland Jadwiga.
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Where did Jadwiga wait for Jagiełło? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. in the castle, in her chambers, 2. in the outskirts, 3. in the park, 4. in the castle courtyard
Where did Jadwiga wait for Jagiełło? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. in the castle, in her chambers, 2. in the outskirts, 3. in the park, 4. in the castle courtyard
Where did Jadwiga wait for Jagiełło?
in the castle, in her chambers
in the outskirts
in the park
in the castle courtyard
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Who accompanied Jadwiga when she greeted Jagiełło? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. ladies-in-waiting, 2. knights, 3. priest, 4. nuns
Who accompanied Jadwiga when she greeted Jagiełło? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. ladies-in-waiting, 2. knights, 3. priest, 4. nuns
Who accompanied Jadwiga when she greeted Jagiełło?
ladies-in-waiting
knights
priest
nuns
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What did the chronicler think about Jadwiga's appearance? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. She was the most beautiful woman in the world., 2. She was the ugliest woman in the world., 3. She was of average beauty.
What did the chronicler think about Jadwiga's appearance? Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. She was the most beautiful woman in the world., 2. She was the ugliest woman in the world., 3. She was of average beauty.
What did the chronicler think about Jadwiga's appearance?
She was the most beautiful woman in the world.
She was the ugliest woman in the world.
She was of average beauty.
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Exercise 3
Jaką królową była Jadwiga? Wymień jej główne cechy.
Jaką królową była Jadwiga? Wymień jej główne cechy.
What did Jogaila promise to do in order to marry Jadwiga? Mark the correct fragments of the text.
{convert to Catholicism}What did Jogaila promise to do in order to marry Jadwiga? Mark the correct fragments of the text using different colours. Yellow: convert to Catholicism Purple: recover all lands lost in wars by Poland. Gray: attach his lands to the Kingdom of Poland. [...] Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila, with all his unbaptized brothers, including his relatives, his noblemen, his greater and lesser landowners who live in his lands wants, wishes and desires to accept Catholic faith of the Holy Roman Empire {/convert to Catholicism}
[...]
{recover all lands lost in wars by Poland}This Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila promises and vouches with his own money and efforts to recover all countries lost by the Kingdom of Poland, torn away from the Kingdom by any force and taken by force.{/recover all lands lost in wars by Poland}
[...]
{attach his lands to the Kingdom of Poland}Finally, this Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogailo promises to attach all Lithuanian and Ruthenian lands to the Crown of Poland for forever.{/attach his lands to the Kingdom of Poland}
Task 1
Jakie znaczenie miał sojusz Polski z Litwą?
Jakie znaczenie miał sojusz Polski z Litwą?
Name the countries being neighbors of Lithuania. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania stretched from sea to sea. Look at the map and read the names of these seas. Find Vilnius on the map.
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Grafika mapy przedstawiającej Wielkie księstwo Litewskie.
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Source: Krystian Chariza i zespół, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Task 2
Jak wyglądały dokumenty w czasach Jagiellonów?
Jak wyglądały dokumenty w czasach Jagiellonów?
Familiarize yourself with the arrangements of the union in Krewo.
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Ilustracja przedstawiająca dokument o ustaleniach unii w Krewie. Na ilustracji znajdują się dodatkowe opisy wskazujące na dokumencie miejsca mówiące o tym, że: 1. Jogaila will marry Jadwiga and become the king of Poland. 2. Jogaila made commitment to regain lost territories - including Gdansk and Pomerania. 3. The merger of both states was assumed. 4. Jogaila will be baptized and Lithuania will be christianized. 5. Jogaila will pay compensation to the Habsburgs for the termination of the engagement with Wilhelm von Habsburg.
Ilustracja przedstawiająca dokument o ustaleniach unii w Krewie. Na ilustracji znajdują się dodatkowe opisy wskazujące na dokumencie miejsca mówiące o tym, że: 1. Jogaila will marry Jadwiga and become the king of Poland. 2. Jogaila made commitment to regain lost territories - including Gdansk and Pomerania. 3. The merger of both states was assumed. 4. Jogaila will be baptized and Lithuania will be christianized. 5. Jogaila will pay compensation to the Habsburgs for the termination of the engagement with Wilhelm von Habsburg.
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Task 3
Jakie znaczenie dla Europy miał chrzest Litwy?
Jakie znaczenie dla Europy miał chrzest Litwy?
Complete the jigsaw puzzle, think what it presents and read its description.
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Obraz przedstawiający "Chrzest Litwy" Jana Matejki.
Obraz przedstawiający "Chrzest Litwy" Jana Matejki.
Baptism of Lithuania
Source: Jan Matejko, Chrzest Litwy, licencja: CC 0.
The cross set on the ruins of old Pagan temple
Queen Jadwiga - standing under a Polish banner, she holds a Eucharistic Chalice, which is to be given to the new bishop of Lithuania
King Władysław Jagiełło - gives the Pastoral staff to Andrzej Jastrzębiec, the first bishop of Vilnus
Bodzęta of Kosowice of Szeliga coat of arms - Archbishop of Gniezno, next to Andrzej Jastrzębiec
Task 4
Jakie znaczenie dla Europy miał intensywny rozwój Państwa Krzyżackiego w XIV wieku?
Jakie znaczenie dla Europy miał intensywny rozwój Państwa Krzyżackiego w XIV wieku?
Show the lands that were taken from Poland by the Teutonic Knights and those which they conquered by baptizing Prussia. Name the sea where the Teutonic state was located at. Show where the historic region of Livonia was located which was incorporated into the Teutonic state and which previously belonged to the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. Look at the map and tell which territories of the country divided the Teutonic state. Read the names of these territories.
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Grafika mapy przedstawiającej Rozwój państwa Zakonu Krzyżackiego.
The development of the Teutonic state
Source: Rozwój państwa Zakonu Krzyżackiego, Krystian Chariza i zespół.
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Exercise 4
When was it. Complete the timeline and remember, which changes happened in Poland in the 2nd half of the 14th century. 1370 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1384 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1385 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1386 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1399 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1400 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga
When was it. Complete the timeline and remember, which changes happened in Poland in the 2nd half of the 14th century. 1370 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1384 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1385 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1386 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1399 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga 1400 Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland, 2. renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, 3. death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland, 4. coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland, 5. signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo, 6. death of Jadwiga
When was it. Complete the timeline and remember, which changes happened in Poland in the 2nd half of the 14th century.
Połącz wydarzenia z datami
1385,
1400,
1399,
1386,
1384,
1370
death of Casimir the Great, Louis of Hungary becomes the ruler of Poland
coronation of Jadwiga of Angevin as the King of Poland
signing of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo
Władysław Jagiełło becomes the King of Poland
death of Jadwiga
renovation of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków
Keywords
personal union, Jagiełło, Jadwiga of Poland, Jagiellonian family
dynastia – ród, z którego pochodzą panujący władcy, np. książęta, królowie. Dynastie uznaje się za panującą jeśli co najmniej jej dwaj przedstawiciele panują bezpośrednio po sobie lub z niewielkimi przerwami.
