Topic:  The development of transport in the world

Addressee

Second grade student of the high school and the technical high school (basic scope).

Core curriculum

XII. Services: diversification of the services sector, the role of communication, educational, financial and tourist services, and commodity exchange in socio‑economic development, types of transport, attractiveness of tourist regions in the world.

Student:

4) presents the advantages and disadvantages of various types of transport and characterizes the conditions of their development in selected countries of the world, including Poland;

General aim of education

The student will learn about the changes in the importance of particular types of transport along with socio‑economic development.

Key competences

• communication in foreign languages;

• digital competence;

• learning to learn.

Criteria for success
The student will learn:

• to list the causes of changes in traffic on major transport routes;

• to explain the reasons for changing the course of major transport routes;

• to present the role of transport terminals in the development of the region.

Methods/techniques

• expository

  • talk.

• activating

  • discussion.

• exposing

  • exposition.

• programmed

  • with computer;

  • with e‑textbook.

• practical

  • exercices concerned.

Forms of work

• individual activity;

• activity in pairs;

• activity in groups;

• collective activity.

Teaching aids

• e‑textbook;

• interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers;

• physical map of the world;

• statistical yearbooks;

• geographical atlases.

Lesson plan overview

Before classes

• Students get acquainted with the content of the abstract and listen to the recording included in it. They prepare to work on a lesson in such a way that they can summarize the material read in their own words and solve the tasks themselves..

Introduction

• The teacher gives students the topic and goals of the lesson.

• The teacher asks if students could explain the phrase about transporting the blood of the state organism, which is often called in this way.

Realization

• The teacher asks students to divide the transport. Discussion of the whole class team.

• The teacher explains that the efficiency of transport services depends not only on the means of transport used, but above all on the level of transport infrastructure development: transport network, or the layout of communication glazing: land roads, railway lines, regulated navigable routes, air corridors. It also depends on accompanying investments such as railway stations, airports, ports, gas stations, etc..

• The teacher divides the students into 6 groups. Each group develops the significance of transport drawn in the world and in Poland, as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Countries occupying leading positions in a given transport. Students divide tasks within their groups. They use materials from the e‑manual, Internet resources and statistical yearbooks.
  Group I - road transport,
  Group II - Railway transport.
  Group III - Maritime transport,
  Group IV - Inland waterway transport,
  Group V - air transport,
  Group VI - transport transport.

• Each group develops information on the poster. He discusses using the Chatty Wall method.

• The teacher asks you to explain what the logistic terminal and location‑determining factors mean. Discussion of the whole class team.

Summary

• The teacher evaluates the work of the selected group. He asks for self‑esteem of students regarding team cooperation and the task performed.

• At the end of the class, the teacher displays on the interactive whiteboard exercises that are performed by the whole class team.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

Texts and recordings

** The development of transport in the world**

The largest amounts of goods in the world are transported by ship. Sea transport is facilitated by containerisation, shipping small‑volume items in standardised containers. In order for maritime transport to function, it is necessary to build ports and appropriate cargo handling equipment.

Water transport of passengers is entirely different from water transport of goods. It it effectuated mostly by large cruise ships sailing around desirable parts of the world such as such as the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, or Polynesia.

Planes as means of transport have two major advantages—speed and security. Unfortunately, at the same time they are dependent on weather conditions and require highly qualified staff. The global number of passengers grows every year. In 2012, air transport handled three billion passengers.

Ten of the world’s fifteen busiest airports are located in the US.

Air transport underwent a fundamental change with the emergence of low‑cost carriers on the market. The factors that allowed the ticket price to drop include using cheaper airports, a mostly uniform fleet, luggage size restrictions, no on‑board service, and online‑only ticket sales and check‑in. Low‑cost carriers are only expected to expand further.

Automotive transport is a very important and fast developing part of land transport. Light commercial vehicles are limited to relatively small‑volume goods but they can connect from sender to recipient directly (so‑called door‑to‑door transport). Such vehicles are also unbound by timetables, and their route can be changed according to conditions. However, there are some limitations to their movement, e.g. due to their weight, pollution emission, holidays, or weather conditions.

Two large‑area countries dominate in automotive transport—China and the United States, where transport performance level results mostly from distance travelled rather than load volumes. Additionally, the alternative—railway transport—is much less significant in these two countries.

As motorisation developed and thrived, it seemed that rail transport would become obsolete. The high costs of railway construction and handling equipment, timetables, and the need to transport goods from the terminal by other means were all unfavourable to the development of this form of transport. Additionally, different track gauges and different traction powering systems impeded international transport. That is why railway transport has stopped to develop in many countries.

This trend was reversed when fuel prices increased, pollutant emission standards for cars were tightened, and road traffic restrictions were introduced.

As far as passenger transport is concerned, railway is the only means of transport that allows less well‑off to travel long distances, hence huge transport volumes in India, China and Russia.

With a constantly increasing number of travelers and volume of goods to transport, the process becomes increasingly complicated. International transport adds to the problem with different legal and financial systems and different availability of means of transport. Solutions to the growing problem are provided by logistics.

Logistics covers all activities that directly or indirectly affect the process of delivery of goods.