Lesson plan (English)
Title: Electrical equipment
Supplementary material for use in lessons in the group of natural sciences (nature, biology, chemistry, geography, physics), additional classes, science clubs. It can serve as a resource for expanding knowledge, preparing students for science competitions.
Lesson plan elaborated by: Zyta Sendecka
Target Group
Pupils of the 7th grade of primary school.
Core Curriculum
Cele kształcenia – wymagania ogólne
1) Wykorzystanie pojęć i wielkości fizycznych do opisu zjawisk oraz wskazywanie ich przykładów w otaczającej rzeczywistości.
2) Rozwiązywanie problemów z wykorzystaniem praw i zależności fizycznych.
3) Planowanie i przeprowadzanie obserwacji lub doświadczeń oraz wnioskowanie na podstawie ich wyników.
4) Posługiwanie się informacjami pochodzącymi z analizy materiałów źródłowych, w tym tekstów popularnonaukowych.
Treści nauczania – wymagania szczegółowe
I. Wymagania przekrojowe. Uczeń:
1. wyodrębnia z tekstów, tabel, diagramów lub wykresów, rysunków schematycznych lub blokowych informacje kluczowe dla opisywanego zjawiska bądź problemu; ilustruje je w różnych postaciach;
3. rozróżnia pojęcia: obserwacja, pomiar, doświadczenie; przeprowadza wybrane obserwacje, pomiary i doświadczenia korzystając z ich opisów;
4. opisuje przebieg doświadczenia lub pokazu; wyróżnia kluczowe kroki i sposób postępowania oraz wskazuje rolę użytych przyrządów;
9. przestrzega zasad bezpieczeństwa podczas wykonywania obserwacji, pomiarów i doświadczeń.
VI. Elektryczność. Uczeń:
3. rozróżnia przewodniki od izolatorów oraz wskazuje ich przykłady;
9. posługuje się pojęciem napięcia elektrycznego jako wielkości określającej ilość energii potrzebnej do przeniesienia jednostkowego ładunku w obwodzie; stosuje jednostkę napięcia;
11. wyróżnia formy energii, na jakie jest zamieniana energia elektryczna; wskazuje źródła energii elektrycznej i odbiorniki;
16. doświadczalnie:
3) rozróżnia przewodniki od izolatorów oraz wskazuje ich przykłady,
The general aim of education
Students build a simple electrical circuit and use it to check the conduction of electric current through various materials.
Criteria for success
explain where the electricity in your home comes from;
you will name the sources of electric current;
you will build a simple electrical circuit;
you will carry out an experiment to check if different materials are electrically conductive.
Key Competences
Communication in the mother tongue;
Communication in foreign languages;
Mathematical competence and basic competences in science and technology;
Digital competence;
Learning to learn;
Social and civic competences.
Methods/forms of work
Talk, work with the text, workshop method, direct observation.
Group work, individual work and work in pairs.
Teaching aids
abstract;
interactive or traditional board;
tablets/computers;
bulb packaging (one per pair);
items needed to perform „Experiment 1”: lemon, copper nail, galvanized nail, two short wires, LED bulb;
items needed to perform „Experiment 2”: battery, three wires, LED bulb, graphite, eraser, aluminum spoon, match.
Lesson phases
Introduction
The teacher asks students which substances are electrically conductive and which are insulators.
The teacher gives the subject and the purpose of the lesson in a language that the student understands as well as the criteria for success.
Realization
The students are paired up. Each receives packaging from a bulb. Students watch the interactive illustration and discuss the information on the packaging. They check if similar information appears on the packaging they received from the teacher.
The teacher asks students to read a section of the abstract entitled „Direct and alternating current”, and then independently performed interactive exercise no. 1.
The teacher asks students to build a circuit in pairs according to the instructions in the abstract („Experiment 1”), then draw them in their notebooks and label them appropriately, if necessary using the electrical circuit diagram shown in the „Electrical Circuit” illustration.
Students carry out „Experiment 2” and prepare a table listing the conductive materials (conductors) and non‑conducting materials (insulators). The students present the results of their experiments.
Summary
Students independently perform interactive exercise no. 2 and interactive exercise no. 3.
The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson
Terms
izolator – substancja, która nie przewodzi prądu elektrycznego, np. tworzywa sztuczne, porcelana
obwód elektryczny – zestaw elementów elektrycznych połączonych ze sobą przewodami elektrycznymi, złożony co najmniej ze źródła prądu i odbiornika
odbiornik – każde urządzenie działające przy wykorzystaniu energii elektrycznej
prąd przemienny – prąd, którego kierunek i napięcie regularnie i bardzo szybko się zmieniają
prąd stały – prąd, którego napięcie nie zmienia się w krótkich przedziałach czasu
przewodniki – ciała dobrze przewodzące prąd elektryczny, np. miedź, aluminium, srebro
przewód elektryczny – przewód wykonany najczęściej z drutu miedzianego (lub innego przewodnika elektrycznego), pokrytego warstwą izolatora
źródło prądu – element obwodu elektrycznego wytwarzający napięcie, np. sieć energetyczna zakończona gniazdkiem elektrycznym, bateria, akumulator, dynamo
Texts and recordings
Electrical equipment
The home has many electrical appliances. Each one is powered by electricity, but where do we get it? Our devices need to have the correct power source with the correct voltage. The voltage value is given in volts and is shown with a „V”, eg 230 V means 230 Volts. This is the voltage of all the electrical outlets in Poland. Each electrical device displays what voltage it needs. The voltage in the outlet comes from a power station. In everyday life we also use other sources of electricity, differing in voltage and the type of current.
As we already know, around us we can find sources of two types of the current, DC and AC. The voltage of direct current does not change. On the other hand in alternating current the voltage changes very quickly (around 50 - 60 times per second, and sometimes much faster).
Direct current examples are batteries and rechargeable batteries. Such devices have the common name cell. Chemical reactions occur inside them, which allows them to generate electricity which allows them to power devices which require a little power. It is difficult to send direct current over long distances. Therefore, the current we use in our household sockets is alternating current. This current can be transmitted over long distances and thus power devices which require more power.
In order for the device to start working, it must be connected to the appropriate source of electricity using wires. It is therefore necessary to build an electrical circuit. All electrical circuits, even the simplest ones, consists of several basic elements. These are:
a power source,
an electrical energy receiver (receivers),
electric wires.
The most important part of the electrical circuit is the power source otherwise known as the voltage source. Without a source of electricity, an electric current will not flow in the circuit and the electrical device connected to the circuit will not work. Another element in the circuit is the receiver. The receivers are all devices operating with the use of electricity, eg a light bulb, a TV set, an iron or an electric heater. Electric wires is nothing but a conductive wire.
Wondering why some materials are used to build electrical wiring, and others to create the insulation for these wires? The explanation is simple: the internal element is designed to conduct electricity, while the insulation should protect us from an electric shock, because it does not conduct electricity itself.
As you already know, some things conduct electricity very well. We call them conductors of electricity. Other things do not conduct electricity – these are called insulators.
Let's check together what objects around us are conductors and what objects are insulators? Let's use the electric circuit to find out, instead of using a circuit breaker, we will include various objects in the circuit.
The power source produces a current with a certain voltage.
DC or AC are used to power electrical equipment.
Each device needs a suitable power source for itself.
The electric circuit consists of at least a power source and its receiver, which are connected by wires.
In order for the current to flow through the circuit, the circuit must be closed.
Conductive materials are called conductors, while poorly conductive materials are insulators.