Topicm77b834b470edde9b_1528449000663_0Topic

Pentomino

Levelm77b834b470edde9b_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm77b834b470edde9b_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VI. The elements of algebra. The student:

2) uses the letter marking of the unknown figures and writes down the simple algebraic expressions on the basis of the information completed in a practical context, e.g. writes the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the triangle with the sides: a, a + 2, b;

XI. Calculations in geometry. The student:

1) calculates the perimeter of the polygonpolygonpolygon with given sides.

Timingm77b834b470edde9b_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectivem77b834b470edde9b_1528449523725_0General objective

Matching the mathematical model to a simple situation and using it in various contexts.

Specific objectivesm77b834b470edde9b_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

1. Writing simple algebraic expressions describing the perimeterperimeterperimeter and the area of the figure.

2. Calculating the perimeter of the figure.

3. Communicating in English; developing mathematical and basic scientific; technical and digital competences; developing learning skills.

Learning outcomesm77b834b470edde9b_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

The student:

- writes down simple algebraic expressions describing the perimeter and the areaareaareaof the figure,

- calculates the perimeter of the polygonpolygonpolygon.

Methodsm77b834b470edde9b_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning game.

2. Situational analysis.

Forms of workm77b834b470edde9b_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Work in pairs.

Lesson stages

Introductionm77b834b470edde9b_1528450127855_0Introduction

The student brings for the class:

- pentominopentominopentomino,
- squared grid whose one side is eight times longer than a squaresquaresquare the blocks of pentominopentominopentomino consist of  (usually the set consists of the board and the blocks).

The teacher introduces the topic of the lesson: finding out what the pentomino is and what the properties of its elements are.

Procedurem77b834b470edde9b_1528446435040_0Procedure

Task 1

The students look at the construction of pentominopentominopentomino and answer the following questions:

a) How many blocks are there in a set of pentomino?
b) Do all the blocks look the same?
c)What is the common feature of the blocks of pentomino?
d) What figures are the blocks similar to?

The students should come up with the following conclusions:

- There are 12 different blocks in a set of pentomino.
- Every block is made of five identical squares.
- The blocks of pentomino have the shapes of the letters.

Teacher describes the pentomino in a more detailed way:

PentominopentominoPentomino is a puzzle game which has been known since the 20th century. The name of the puzzle comes from the Greek word pénte, which means five. In a classical dominoes the block has two connected squares. That is why the puzzle which has blocks made of five squares is called pentomino. The blocks of pentomino are identified with Latin letters they are similar to. Every block is called the stonestonestone. The stones can be reversed and turned round.

[Illustration 1]

The students work individually. After completing the tasks 2 and 3 they discuss their results with others.

Task 2

Take m as the length of the squaresquaresquare which the stonestonestone of pentomino consists of. Write the algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression describing the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the stone indicated by following letters:

a) F,
b) P,
c) V.

Task 3

Take a as the length of the squaresquaresquare which the stone of pentomino consists of. Write the algebraic expression describing the perimeterperimeterperimeter and the areaareaarea of:

a) The rectanglerectanglerectangle with the dimensions of 3 by 5 squares,
b) The squaresquaresquare with the dimensions of 5 by 5 squares.

How many stones are needed to make the figures of the a) and b) points?

The students work individually using their computers. They are going to make the figure of all twelve stones of pentomino.

Task 4

Fill in the green figure with the blocks of pentomino. Take d as a length of the square. Write the algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression to describe the perimeter and the areaareaarea of the polygonpolygonpolygon you have made.

[Geogebra applet]

After completing the task the students answer the following questions:

How much larger is the area of the polygon made of all the stones of pentomino than the area of one stonestonestone?

What does the perimeter of the polygon made of all stones depend on?

The students should come up with the following conclusions:

- The areaareaarea of the polygonpolygonpolygon made of all stones is twelve times larger the area of one stone.
- The perimeterperimeterperimeter of the polygon made of all stones depends on its shapeshapeshape.

The students work in pairs.  They use one set of pentominopentominopentomino and the board they have prepared for the lesson. The teacher presents the rules of pentomino game for two players:

At the beginning players draw who starts the game and puts the stone on the board. Then, they take turns in putting any stone in such a way its squares cover the squares on the board. The stones neither can come out the board nor lie on the other stones. They can be put in any direction. The person who cannot put any stone on the board loses. The game is also over when there is no more stones for the player who started the game.m77b834b470edde9b_1527752256679_0At the beginning players draw who starts the game and puts the stone on the board. Then, they take turns in putting any stone in such a way its squares cover the squares on the board. The stones neither can come out the board nor lie on the other stones. They can be put in any direction. The person who cannot put any stone on the board loses. The game is also over when there is no more stones for the player who started the game.

Task 5

Play the pentomino.

An extra task:

Choose one of the stones of pentomino. Then, choose other nine stones to make a figure in the same shapeshapeshape as the stonestonestone you have chosen but with the areaareaarea of nine times larger.

Lesson summarym77b834b470edde9b_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

The students do the summarising tasks.

Then they sum up the classes, drawing conclusions to memorise:

- Pentomino is a puzzle game which consists of 12 different blocks called the stones made of five identical adjacent squares.
- The areas and the perimeters of all the stones are equal.
- The area of the polygon made of all stones is twelve times larger than the area of one stone.
- The perimeter of the polygon made of all stones depends on its shape.
m77b834b470edde9b_1527752263647_0- Pentomino is a puzzle game which consists of 12 different blocks called the stones made of five identical adjacent squares.
- The areas and the perimeters of all the stones are equal.
- The area of the polygon made of all stones is twelve times larger than the area of one stone.
- The perimeter of the polygon made of all stones depends on its shape.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

pentominopentominopentomino

stonestonestone

algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression

perimeterperimeterperimeter

areaareaarea

squaresquaresquare

rectanglerectanglerectangle

polygonpolygonpolygon

shapeshapeshape

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pole

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kwadrat

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