Topicm147b1b48d317d65e_1528449000663_0Topic

States of matter

Levelm147b1b48d317d65e_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm147b1b48d317d65e_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

I. 1) extracts from the texts, tables, diagrams or graphs, schematic or block drawings, key information for the phenomenon or problem described; it illustrates them in various forms.

V. 1) uses the concepts of mass and density and their units; analyses the differences in the density of substances in different states of matter resulting from the microscopic structure of solids, liquids and gases.

Timingm147b1b48d317d65e_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm147b1b48d317d65e_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Presentation of the states of matter and their properties.

Key competencesm147b1b48d317d65e_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Providing examples of bodies in different states of matter.

2. Describing the differences between solids, liquids and gases.

Operational (detailed) goalsm147b1b48d317d65e_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- distinguishes states of matter,

- describes the differences between solids, liquids and gases.

Methodsm147b1b48d317d65e_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning by observation.

2. Learning by experimenting.

Forms of workm147b1b48d317d65e_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Work with the whole class.

Lesson stages

Introductionm147b1b48d317d65e_1528450127855_0Introduction

Task 1

Look at the illustrations in the slideshow:

[Slideshow]

Task 2

Answer the questions:

a) What states of matter do you know? Give some examples.
b) What substance is present on the Earth in three states?
c) What determines the state of matter?
d) Do you know the fourth state of matter? What is its name?

Answer:

a) Tree - solid, sky - gas, snow and ice - water as solid, sea water - water as liquid, water vapour floating in the atmosphere of the Earth - water as gas.
b) Water occurs on the Earth in three states: solid as ice, liquid as water, gas as water vapour.
c) State of matter of body depends, among other things, on its temperature.
d) The fourth state of matter is plasma.

Procedurem147b1b48d317d65e_1528446435040_0Procedure

Task 3

Answer the questions:

a) What is needed to turn ice into water?
b) What occupies a larger volumevolumevolume in the tank: water in the gaseous state as water vapourwater vapourwater vapour, or water in the form of liquidliquidliquid or in the form of ice?

Answer:

a) To change the ice into water it is necessary to heat the ice.
b) Water vapour as gas always fills the entire volume of the tank, therefore it has a larger volume than ice or water, from which it was created.

Task 4

Look at figure „States of matter of bodies and their molecular models”.

[Illustration 1]

Based on the illustration, answer the question about what solids, liquids and gases have in common?

Answer:

Solids, liquids and gases consist of particles that are neutral. There are no excited particles (with very high energy) and free electrons in them.

Task 5

Conduct the experiments in groups.

Group 1

Research problem:

Presentation of mechanical properties common to solids.

Research hypothesis:

Solids are characterized by a stable and definite shapeshapeshape and a definite volumevolumevolume.

What you will need:

a) three cuboids made of various materials, e.g. wood, iron, plastic;
b) two vessels of various shapes and small and large volumes.

Instruction:

1. Place cuboids once in a first and then in a second vessel.
2. Try to change the shape of the cuboids by squeezing them firmly.

Conclusion:

Solids have a stable and definite shapeshapeshape and a definite volume.

Group 2

Research problem:

Presentation of mechanical properties common to liquids.

Research hypothesis:

Liquids are characterized by a variable shape and a definite volume.

What you will need:

a) two liquids, e.g. water and oil,
b) two vessels of various shapes,
c) syringe.

Instruction:

1. Pour the liquid into one and then into the other vessel.
2. Repeat the same for the second liquid.
3. Get the first liquid into the syringe, try squeezing it with the syringe plunger.
4. Repeat the same operation for the second liquid.
m147b1b48d317d65e_1527752256679_01. Pour the liquid into one and then into the other vessel.
2. Repeat the same for the second liquid.
3. Get the first liquid into the syringe, try squeezing it with the syringe plunger.
4. Repeat the same operation for the second liquid.

Conclusion:

Liquids take the shape of the vessel they are in, but their volume does not change under pressure.

Group 3

Research problem:

Presentation of mechanical properties common to gases.

Research hypothesis:

The gases are characterized by a variable shape and a variable volume.

What you will need:

a) two gases, e.g. (carbon dioxide from exhaled air) and atmospheric air,
b) balloon, syringe.

Instruction:

1. Blow the balloon.
2. Fill the syringe with air.
3. Try to squeeze the air in the syringe using a plunger.
4. Try to squeeze the balloon.

Conclusion:

The gases take the shape of the vessel they are in, they fill the entire volumevolumevolume and it is easy to change their volume. They are compressible and expandable.

Task 6

Present the results of the experiments conducted in groups.

Task 7

Determine whether the following statements are true or false.

a) Solids have their own definite shapeshapeshape and volume.
b) Solids, liquids and gases consist of molecules.
c) The interactions between gasgasgas molecules are very strong.

d) Gases take the shape of a vessel and have a definite volume independent of the volume of the container in which they are closed.

Answer:

a) True. b) True. c) False. d) False.

Lesson summarym147b1b48d317d65e_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

- Bodies can have three different states: solid, liquid and gaseous.
- Solids have a defined shape and a defined volume.
- Liquids take the shape of the vessel they are in but retain their volume.
- Gases - like liquids - take the shape of the vessel in which they are, but unlike liquids, they fill the entire volume.
- The properties of bodies result from their molecular structure.
m147b1b48d317d65e_1527752263647_0- Bodies can have three different states: solid, liquid and gaseous.
- Solids have a defined shape and a defined volume.
- Liquids take the shape of the vessel they are in but retain their volume.
- Gases - like liquids - take the shape of the vessel in which they are, but unlike liquids, they fill the entire volume.
- The properties of bodies result from their molecular structure.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

average speedaverage speedaverage speed

gasgasgas

iceiceice

liquidliquidliquid

moleculemoleculemolecule

plasmaplasmaplasma

shapeshapeshape

solidsolidsolid

volumevolumevolume

water vapourwater vapourwater vapour

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solid 1
solid

ciało stałe

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gas1
gas

gaz

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liquid1
liquid

ciecz

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ice1
ice

lód

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water vapour1
water vapour

para wodna

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plasma1
plasma

plazma

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volume1
volume

objętość

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shape1
shape

kształt

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average speed1
average speed

prędkość średnia

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molecule1
molecule

cząsteczka

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