Topicmfd229aba048d273b_1528449000663_0Topic

The altitudealtitudealtitude of a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram

Levelmfd229aba048d273b_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummfd229aba048d273b_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

IX. Polygons and circles. The student:

5) is familiar with the most important properties of the squaresquaresquare, the rectangle, the rhombusrhombusrhombus, the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram and the trapezium, recognises the figures symmetrical about the axis and indicates the symmetry axes of figures.

Timingmfd229aba048d273b_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectivemfd229aba048d273b_1528449523725_0General objective

Matching the mathematical model to a simple situation and using it in various contexts.

Specific objectivesmfd229aba048d273b_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

1. Drawing the altitudealtitudealtitude of the parallelogram.

2. Recognising the altitudes of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram.

3. Communicating in English; developing mathematical and basic scientific, technical and digital competences; developing learning skills.

Learning outcomesmfd229aba048d273b_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

1. Draws and indicates the altitudealtitudealtitude of the parallelogram.

2. Describes the basic properties of the altitude of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram in English.

Methodsmfd229aba048d273b_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Practical exercises.

2. Situational analysis.

Forms of workmfd229aba048d273b_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Class work.

Lesson stages

Introductionmfd229aba048d273b_1528450127855_0Introduction

The student prepares two cardboard models of a rhombusrhombusrhombus and a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram at home and brings them to class.

The teacher introduces the topic of the lesson: learning to recognize and draw the altitudes of the parallelogram.

Revision of the definition of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram and the rhombus.

The parallelogram is a quadrangle with two pairs of parallel sidesparallel sidesparallel sides.

The rhombusrhombusrhombus is a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram with all equal sides.

Proceduremfd229aba048d273b_1528446435040_0Procedure

The students answer the following questions:

- How many segments connecting the parallel sidesparallel sidesparallel sides of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram can be drawn?

- Which segmentsegmentsegment is the shortest?

The students should draw the following conclusion:

- The number of these segments is infinite, but the shortest is the one which is perpendicularperpendicularperpendicular to the parallel sidesparallel sidesparallel sides.

The students use the models they have brought for the lesson. They draw the shortest segments which connect two parallel sides or their extensions which are perpendicular to them. Then, the students give the properties of the segments they have drawn.

The teacher tells the students that the segments they have drawn are the altitudes of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram and provides the definition of the altitudealtitudealtitude:

The segmentsegmentsegment perpendicularperpendicularperpendicular to the parallel sidesparallel sidesparallel sides of the parallelogram whose ends belong to them or to their extensions is called the altitude of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram.

The teacher explains to the students the method of constructing the altitudealtitudealtitude of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram.

The altitude of the parallelogram can be drawn by using the perpendicular arms of a set square. One arm should cover the longer side of the parallelogram, the other has to intersect the side that is parallel to it. Sometimes the altitudes of the parallelogram are situated outside it. In such cases the sides should be extended.mfd229aba048d273b_1527752256679_0The altitude of the parallelogram can be drawn by using the perpendicular arms of a set square. One arm should cover the longer side of the parallelogram, the other has to intersect the side that is parallel to it. Sometimes the altitudes of the parallelogram are situated outside it. In such cases the sides should be extended.

Look at the figure below. Consider the position of the set squaresquaresquare in constructing of the altitude of the parallelogram.

[Illustration 1]

The altitudealtitudealtitude of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram is marked with the small letter h.

Task

Open the applet. Using the mouse change the position of the vertices of the parallelogram. Observe how the position of the parallelogram altitudealtitudealtitude changes.

[Geogebra applet]

The students answer the following questions:

How many various altitudes does the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram have?

Do the altitudes of the parallelogram intersect?

Is it possible for the altitudealtitudealtitude of the parallelogram to be situated outside the figure?

Does the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram altitude have to be drawn out of the vertexvertexvertex?

An extra question:

How many parallelograms with a given altitude can be drawn?

Are the altitudes drawn to the non‑parallel sides always equal?

The students should come up with the following conclusions:

- The parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram has got two altitudes.

- The altitude of the parallelogram can be situated outside the figure.

The students draw the rhombus in their notebooks. They are supposed to draw the altitudealtitudealtitude of the rhombusrhombusrhombus using the set squaresquaresquare.

Task

Draw a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram whose:

a) sides are 6 cm and 5 cm,

b) altitudealtitudealtitude drawn to the longer sidesideside equals 2,5 cm.

Task

Draw any parallelogram. Mark the altitude perpendicularperpendicularperpendicular to the shorter sidesideside of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram and measure its length.

Task

Are the green segments the altitudes of the parallelogram?

[Illustration 2]

Task – self‑study work:

Draw any parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram and then draw two different altitudes.

Lesson summarymfd229aba048d273b_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Students do the exercises summarizing the class.

Then, together they sum up the classes, drawing the conclusions to memorize:

- The segment perpendicular to the parallel sides of a parallelogram whose ends belong to these sides or their extensions is called the altitude of the parallelogram.
- The altitude of a parallelogram is marked with the small letter h.
- We can draw two different altitudes of a parallelogram.
mfd229aba048d273b_1527752263647_0- The segment perpendicular to the parallel sides of a parallelogram whose ends belong to these sides or their extensions is called the altitude of the parallelogram.
- The altitude of a parallelogram is marked with the small letter h.
- We can draw two different altitudes of a parallelogram.

Students talk about what they have learned during the lesson.

Check what you have learned by doing the following tasks.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

altitudealtitudealtitude

armarmarm

parallel sidesparallel sidesparallel sides

parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram

perpendicularperpendicularperpendicular

rhombusrhombusrhombus

segmentsegmentsegment

sidesideside

squaresquaresquare

vertexvertexvertex

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altitude1
altitude

wysokość

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wymowa w języku angielskim: altitude
parallelogram1
parallelogram

równoległobok – czworokąt, który ma dwie pary boków równoległych

RtsjTIbcfNzhT1
wymowa w języku angielskim: parallelogram
square1
square

kwadrat

RSPgMRjW8t9ju1
wymowa w języku angielskim: square
rhombus1
rhombus

romb - równoległobok, który ma wszystkie boki równej długości

R11AfDG68zpm71
wymowa w języku angielskim: rhombus
parallel sides1
parallel sides

boki równoległe

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wymowa w języku angielskim: parallel sides
segment1
segment

odcinek

R1CPUReYfoQpI1
nagranie abstraktu
perpendicular1
perpendicular

prostopadły

RLchkLnd38FA61
wymowa w języku angielskim: perpendicular
vertex1
vertex

wierzchołek

RHtDZ7Uh71xhg1
nagranie abstraktu
side1
side

bok

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wymowa w języku angielskim: side
arm1
arm

ramię

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wymowa w języku angielskim: arm