Topicmbc4398f7492608a5_1528449000663_0Topic

Points, lines and planes in space

Levelmbc4398f7492608a5_1528449084556_0Level

Third

Core curriculummbc4398f7492608a5_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

X. Stereometry. The basic level. The student:

1) identifies mutual position of lines in space, especially perpendicular linesperpendicular linesperpendicular lines that do not cross,

2) applies the concept of an angle between the line and the planeplaneplane as well as the dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle between half‑planes.

Timingmbc4398f7492608a5_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectivembc4398f7492608a5_1528449523725_0General objective

Choosing and creating mathematical models to solve practical and theoretical problems.

Specific objectivesmbc4398f7492608a5_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

1. Identifying mutual position of lines in space, especially perpendicular linesperpendicular linesperpendicular lines that do not cross.

2. Applying the concept of an angle between the line and the planeplaneplane as well as the dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle between half‑planes.

3. Communicating in English, developing basic mathematical, computer and scientific competences, developing learning skills.

Learning outcomesmbc4398f7492608a5_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

The student:

- identifies mutual position of lines in space, especially perpendicular linesperpendicular linesperpendicular lines that do not cross,

- applies the concept of an angle between the line and the planeplaneplane as well as the dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle between half‑planes.

Methodsmbc4398f7492608a5_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Situational analysis.

2. Expert stations.

Forms of workmbc4398f7492608a5_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Work in pairs.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionmbc4398f7492608a5_1528450127855_0Introduction

Eight students create four expert groups and prepare information about one of the following subjects before the class.

I. Mutual position of the line and the planeplaneplane.

II. Mutual position of lines in space.

III. The angle between the line and the planeplaneplane.

IV. The dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle between half‑planes.

Procedurembc4398f7492608a5_1528446435040_0Procedure

Students – experts present prepared information one by one. After the presentation, they answer questions from other students and clarify doubts.

Information that should be included in presentations of the expert groups.

I EXPERT GROUP
Mutual position of the line and the planeplaneplane:

- a line is located on the planeplaneplane (each point of the line is also a point of the planeplaneplane),

- a line breaks the planeplaneplane (the line has exactly one common point with the planeplaneplane),

- a line is parallel to the planeplaneplane and has no common points with it.

II EXPERT GROUP
Mutual position of lines in space:

- Lines overlap (they are parallel),

- Lines are located on one planeplaneplane and cross at one point,

- Lines are located on one planeplaneplane and have no common points (they are parallel),

- Lines are not located on one plane and have no common points (they are oblique).

III EXPERT GROUP
The angle between the line and the planeplaneplane:

- The line k and the planeplaneplane p are perpendicular only and only if the line k is parallel to each line located on the planeplaneplane p,

- The angle between the line k and the plane pangle between the line k and the plane pangle between the line k and the plane p is the acute angle between this line and orthographic projection on the planeorthographic projection on the planeorthographic projection on the plane p,

- If the line l breaks the planeplaneplane p and is not perpendicular to it, the line k is an orthographic projection of the line l on the planeplaneplane p, the line m is located on the planeplaneplane p and crosses the line l, then the line m is perpendicular to the line l only and only if it is perpendicular to the line k (theorem about three perpendicular linesperpendicular linesperpendicular lines).

IV EXPERT GROUP
The dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle between half‑planes:

- the dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle is the sum of two half‑planes with common edge and one of two areas that this half‑planes cut from the space,

- the linear anglelinear anglelinear angle of the dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle is the common part of the dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle and the planeplaneplane perpendicular to its edge.

Students work individually, using computers. Their task is to observe the angle that a line creates with a planeplaneplane. They compare animations with information presented by experts.

[Geogebra applet]

The teacher divides students into four groups that approach information stations. Each task group does exercises prepared by the teacher. Experts help students, clarify doubts. The teacher supervises groups’ work. After doing exercises from one part, students go on to the next station.

I GROUP - task
There are lines a, b and c. How can lines a and b be located in relation to each other if lines a, b and c are not located on the same planeplaneplane and the line b has one common points with the line a and one common point with the line c. Make a proper drawing.

II GROUP - task
There are three noncollinear points A, B, C on the planeplaneplane p. The distance from the point A and the line BC and the distance between points A and B are the same and are equal to 4 cm. The length of the distance AC is equal to 5 cm. The line segment AS is perpendicular to the planeplaneplane p and its distance is 12 cm. Calculate the area of the triangle BCS. Make a proper drawing.

III GROUP - task
Draw a cube ABCDEFGH and then park angles in it:

α – the angle between the line BG and the planeplaneplane ABCD,

β – angle between the line AG and the planeplaneplane EFGH,

γ – the angle between the line AD and the planeplaneplane DBFH,

IV GROUP - task
Calculate the dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle knowing that the distance between the point P located on the wall of this angle and its edge is equal to 15 cm. The distance from the point P and the other wall of this angle is equal to 7,5 cm. Make a proper drawing.

The teacher evaluates students’ work and clarifies doubts.

An extra task
There is a square KLMN. Prove that triangles KLS and LMS are right‑angled if we know that the line segments NS is perpendicular to the planeplaneplane KLMN.

Lesson summarymbc4398f7492608a5_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Students do the revision exercises. Then together they sum‑up the classes, by formulating the conclusions to memorise.

- A line can be located on the plane, break the plane or have no common points with the plane.mbc4398f7492608a5_1527752256679_0A line can be located on the plane, break the plane or have no common points with the plane.

- Two lines in space can overlap, be located on one plane or not be located on one plane and have no common points (be oblique).mbc4398f7492608a5_1527752263647_0Two lines in space can overlap, be located on one plane or not be located on one plane and have no common points (be oblique).

- The line k and the planeplaneplane p are perpendicular only and only if the line k is parallel to each line located on the plane p.

- The angle between the line k and the plane pangle between the line k and the plane pangle between the line k and the plane p is the acute angle between this line and orthographic projection on the planeorthographic projection on the planeorthographic projection on the plane p.

- If the line l breaks the planeplaneplane p and is not perpendicular to it, the line k is an orthographic projection of the line l on the planeplaneplane p, the line m is located on the planeplaneplane p and crosses the line l, then the line m is perpendicular to the line l only and only if it is perpendicular to the line k (theorem about three perpendicular linesperpendicular linesperpendicular lines).

- The dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle is the sum of two half‑planes with common edge and one of two areas that this half‑planes cut from the space.

- The linear anglelinear anglelinear angle of the dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle is the common part of the dihedral angle and the planeplaneplane perpendicular to its edge.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

angle between the line k and the plane pangle between the line k and the plane pangle between the line k and the plane p

dihedral angledihedral angledihedral angle

half‑planehalf‑planehalf‑plane

line that breaks the planeline that breaks the planeline that breaks the plane

linear anglelinear anglelinear angle

oblique linesoblique linesoblique lines

orthographic projection on the planeorthographic projection on the planeorthographic projection on the plane

parallel linesparallel linesparallel lines

perpendicular linesperpendicular linesperpendicular lines

planeplaneplane

mbc4398f7492608a5_1527752263647_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1527752256679_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1527712094602_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528449000663_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528449084556_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528449076687_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528449068082_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528449523725_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528449552113_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528450430307_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528449534267_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528449514617_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528450127855_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528446435040_0
mbc4398f7492608a5_1528450119332_0
perpendicular lines1
perpendicular lines

proste prostopadłe

RNSVZwPhAW3ZO1
wymowa w języku angielskim: perpendicular lines
plane1
plane

płaszczyzna

R1GDyPrf7qq1T1
wymowa w języku angielskim: plane
dihedral angle1
dihedral angle

kąt dwuścienny

R2SLecOH4yG1C1
wymowa w języku angielskim: dihedral angle
angle between the line k and the plane p1
angle between the line k and the plane p

kąt nachylenia prostej k do płaszczyzny p

RrfP0PFK8dtfy1
wymowa w języku angielskim: angle between the line k and the plane p
orthographic projection on the plane1
orthographic projection on the plane

rzut prostokątny na płaszczyznę

RrHGoRIxfQQ7f1
wymowa w języku angielskim: orthographic projection on the plane
linear angle1
linear angle

kąt liniowy

Rd2vIaoII7fEc1
wymowa w języku angielskim: linear angle
half‑plane1
half‑plane

półpłaszczyzna

RIbknZRQFikUl1
wymowa w języku angielskim: half‑plane
line that breaks the plane1
line that breaks the plane

prosta przebijająca płaszczyznę

R1AwXawS01Gs91
wymowa w języku angielskim: line that breaks the plane
oblique lines1
oblique lines

proste skośne

R1G5XMj8GbaUd1
wymowa w języku angielskim: oblique lines
parallel lines1
parallel lines

proste równoległe

RDP3AkRbqJLh41
wymowa w języku angielskim: parallel lines