Topicm8ff5a9356575178a_1528449000663_0Topic

Internal energyinternal energyInternal energy and changes of states of matter

Levelm8ff5a9356575178a_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm8ff5a9356575178a_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

IV. Thermal phenomena. The student:

9) distinguishes and defines changes in states of matter; analyzes the phenomena of meltingmeltingmelting, freezingfreezingfreezing, evaporationevaporationevaporation, condensation, sublimationsublimationsublimation and resublimationresublimationresublimation as processes in which supplying the energy in the form of heat does not cause the change in temperature.

Timingm8ff5a9356575178a_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm8ff5a9356575178a_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Describing in English changes in physical states in various thermodynamic processes.

Key competencesm8ff5a9356575178a_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Describes the changes of states of matter during heating and cooling.

2. Analyzes melting and solidification processes in terms of temperature and heat delivered.

3. Analyzes the evaporation and condensation processes in terms of temperature and heat delivered.

Operational (detailed) goalsm8ff5a9356575178a_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- describes the changes of states of matter in typical and problem situations,

- presents the dependence of body temperature on the value of energy supplied to the system.

Methodsm8ff5a9356575178a_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Lecture.

2. The classic problem method.

Forms of workm8ff5a9356575178a_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Talk.

2. Working in groups on solving problem tasks.

Lesson stages

Introductionm8ff5a9356575178a_1528450127855_0Introduction

Answer the introductory questions:

1. Provide three basic states of matter.
2. Name the processes of changing the states of matter.
3. In which phase changes is energy consumed by the system and in which is it returned to the system?
4. Usually the body temperature does not change during the changes in the physical states of matter. What happens with the energy delivered to the body?

Procedurem8ff5a9356575178a_1528446435040_0Procedure

The following slideshow will help us to understand the microscopic model of the body structure of solids, liquids and gases.

[Slideshow]

Let us consider, for example, how the temperature of ice with the initial temperature of -30°C changes.

[Interactive illustration]

At the beginning, we have a block of ice at the temperature of -30°C. Heating will cause a gradual increase of the temperature: -25°C, -20°C, -15°C, -10°C, -5°C till to 0°C. At this point, however, this simple the process will stop at 0°C (at normal pressure). The supply of heat will not cause the change the temperature of ice for some time. Instead, the ice will start to melt.m8ff5a9356575178a_1527752256679_0At the beginning, we have a block of ice at the temperature of -30°C. Heating will cause a gradual increase of the temperature: -25°C, -20°C, -15°C, -10°C, -5°C till to 0°C. At this point, however, this simple the process will stop at 0°C (at normal pressure). The supply of heat will not cause the change the temperature of ice for some time. Instead, the ice will start to melt.

Water, which has been formed after whole ice has melted, will start reacting in the standard way, i.e. further heating will cause the increase of its temperature. However, it will behave in this way only to a certain point, which is 100°C. Instead of the increase in the temperature of water, further supply of heat will result in its subsequent phase transition in steam. We are dealing with evaporation in whole volume, i.e. evaporation. Only after changing the whole water into steam, heating the water in the volatile state will already take place naturally until quite high (but not very high!) temperatures have been obtained. For example, at temperatures of many thousand degrees, pairs of water molecules disintegrate into individual atoms: oxygen and hydrogen).m8ff5a9356575178a_1527752256679_0Water, which has been formed after whole ice has melted, will start reacting in the standard way, i.e. further heating will cause the increase of its temperature. However, it will behave in this way only to a certain point, which is 100°C. Instead of the increase in the temperature of water, further supply of heat will result in its subsequent phase transition in steam. We are dealing with evaporation in whole volume, i.e. evaporation. Only after changing the whole water into steam, heating the water in the volatile state will already take place naturally until quite high (but not very high!) temperatures have been obtained. For example, at temperatures of many thousand degrees, pairs of water molecules disintegrate into individual atoms: oxygen and hydrogen).

Obviously, the scheme described above applies not only to ice, but to most substances.

Lesson summarym8ff5a9356575178a_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

- Melting, evaporation and sublimation are processes of change of state of matter which require the supply of energy to a substance in the form of heat.

- The supplied energy in the form of heat causes the internal energy of the body to increase. The energy resulting from the mutual interactions of atoms and molecules grows.

- Coagulation, liquefaction and resublimation are processes of change of state of matter, which require giving energy in the form of heat through a substance.

- Cast heat reduces the internal energy of the body. The potential energy resulting from mutual interactions of atoms and molecules decreases.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

boilingboilingboiling

evaporationevaporationevaporation

freezingfreezingfreezing

heat supplyheat supplyheat supply

internal energyinternal energyinternal energy

meltingmeltingmelting

resublimationresublimationresublimation

specific heatspecific heatspecific heat

state of matterstate of matterstate of matter

sublimationsublimationsublimation

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internal energy1
internal energy

energia wewnętrzna

R1Kub9ZvjQhP51
wymowa w języku angielskim: internal energy
melting1
melting

topnienie

RFRl332NuaraJ1
wymowa w języku angielskim: melting
freezing1
freezing

krzepnięcie

R13sD5rwtEw0N1
wymowa w języku angielskim: freezing
evaporation1
evaporation

parowanie

R1SUqVhZSbU4R1
wymowa w języku angielskim: evaporation
sublimation1
sublimation

sublimacja

RBUQkrAtl3dZV1
wymowa w języku angielskim: sublimation
resublimation1
resublimation

resublimacja

Rsr4f54EedDY71
wymowa w języku angielskim: resublimation
boiling1
boiling

wrzenie

R1WURb5Pv9Xqo1
wymowa w języku angielskim: boiling
heat supply1
heat supply

dostarczanie ciepła

RRqTKiYUq3nxH1
wymowa w języku angielskim: heat supply
specific heat1
specific heat

ciepło właściwe

RxhJPK0u71VdC1
wymowa w języku angielskim: specific heat
state of matter1
state of matter

stan skupienia

Rs1IzOnvei0fU1
wymowa w języku angielskim: state of matter