Topicm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528449000663_0Topic

Determining the specific heat of water using a heater of known power

Levelm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

The student experimentally determines the specific heat of water.

Timingm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Approximate determination of the specific heat of water using a heater of known power.

Key competencesm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Developing the skills of building a measuring set.

2. Developing the skills of conducting physical measurements.

3. Analysis of results and discussion of measurement errors.

Operational (detailed) goalsm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- constructs the experimental set required for measurements,

- makes measurements and notes the results in the measurement table.

Methodsm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Learning through experimenting.

2. Work in groups: synergy effect.

Forms of workm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Making measurements.

2. Processing the measurement data.

Lesson stages

Introductionm41ea5f6acd15d520_1528450127855_0Introduction

Introductory questions:

1. What is specific heatspecific heatspecific heat?

2. How can we determine the heat which is necessary to heat the water?

3. What is power and what is its relation to energy?

4. Design an experiment in which you can determine the specific heatspecific heatspecific heat of water.

Procedurem41ea5f6acd15d520_1528446435040_0Procedure

Experiment

Research hypothesis:
Using an electric kettle, you can estimate the specific heat of water.
m41ea5f6acd15d520_1527752263647_0Research hypothesis:
Using an electric kettle, you can estimate the specific heat of water.

Theoretical introduction to the experiment.

The amount of energy needed to rise the temperature of water of a mass m is determined by the following formula:

Q=m·cw·Δt

If the electric current flows through the electric kettle with the rated power P (for the time t), then the following work is done:

W=P·t

Assuming 100% efficiency of work exchange done by the current flowing through the kettle to warm water, we get the following relation:

Q=W
m·cw·Δt=P·t

Thus, the following formula can be derived:

cw=P·tm·Δt

What is necessary to determine the specific heatspecific heatspecific heat?

Research system.

The experimental system includes:

- a kettle with known power rating,  
- a container to determine the mass of water,  
- a thermometer to assist with the initial water temperature,  
- stopwatch.

The measurementmeasurementmeasurement set includes a kettle with known power rating, a container to determine the mass of water and a thermometer with which we measure the initial temperatureinitial temperatureinitial temperature of water. The stopwatch is also necessary.

[Slideshow]

Instructions for running the experiment:

1. Measure the volume of water, e.g. 300 cmIndeks górny 3.

2. Using the information that 1 cmIndeks górny 3 of water weighs 1 g, complete the table with the mass of water.

3. Measure the initial temperature of water.

4. Pour water into the kettle.

5. Measure the time needed to boil water in the kettle.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 several times.

7. Write the results in the measurementmeasurementmeasurement table.

[Table 1]

Development of measurementmeasurementmeasurement results.

1. Determine the value of the specific heatspecific heatspecific heat for each of the measurements.

2. Determine the average valueaverage valueaverage value of the specific heatspecific heatspecific heat of water on the basis of the results.

3. Find the smallest and the greatest value of the specific heatspecific heatspecific heat of water you have determined.

4. Determine the accuracy of determining the average specific heat value of water from the formula:

Δcw=cmaxcmin2

5. Record the result obtained with the accuracy of its designation (cw±Δcw). Compare the result obtained with the value read from the physical tables.

6. Explain why the result obtained in the experiment differs from the specific heat value given in the physical tables.

Lesson summarym41ea5f6acd15d520_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

The method described above for determining the specific heatspecific heatspecific heat of water is very simple but it is burdened with high inaccuracyinaccuracyinaccuracy. Nevertheless, it can be used to estimate the specific heatspecific heatspecific heat of water.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

average valueaverage valueaverage value

inaccuracyinaccuracyinaccuracy

initial temperatureinitial temperatureinitial temperature

measurementmeasurementmeasurement

measurement uncertaintymeasurement uncertaintymeasurement uncertainty

reserach hypothesisresearch hypothesisreserach hypothesis

specific heatspecific heatspecific heat

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specific heat1
specific heat

ciepło właściwe

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measurement1
measurement

pomiar

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initial temperature1
initial temperature

temperatura początkowa

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average value1
average value

wartość średnia

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inaccuracy1
inaccuracy

niedokładność

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measurement uncertainty1
measurement uncertainty

niepewność pomiarowa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: measurement uncertainty
research hypothesis1
research hypothesis

hipoteza badawcza

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wymowa w języku angielskim: research hypothesis