Topicmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528449000663_0Topic

Moon phases

Levelmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528449084556_0Level

Third

Core curriculummbd4434cfcfce010d_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

III. Gravity and elements of astronomy. The student:

4) describes the structure of the Solar System and its place in the Galaxy; uses the concepts of the astronomical unit and the light year.

Timingmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Explains the Moon phasesMoon phasesMoon phases.

Key competencesmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Explains why only one Moon’s side is visible.

2. Describes what causes tides.

Operational (detailed) goalsmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- describes the Moon phases,

- explains the cause of the tides.

Methodsmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Text analysis.

Forms of workmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionmbd4434cfcfce010d_1528450127855_0Introduction

The students remind what characterises the motion of the Moon around the Earth.

What are the characteristics of the Moon’s motion around the Earth?

Procedurembd4434cfcfce010d_1528446435040_0Procedure

The teacher introduces the concept of the Moon phasesMoon phasesMoon phases.

The Moon orbits the Earth during the synodic monthsynodic monthsynodic month every 29,5 days. The observer on the Earth sees the Moon looking a little different every night.

The sunlight illuminates one half of the Moon at all times. On the Earth, we see often only part of that half that is illuminated. The fraction of the illuminated Moon’s half which we see in a given moment is called moon phase.

Moon phasesMoon phasesMoon phases:

There are four main phases:

- First Quarter.
- Full Moon.
- Last Quarter.
- New Moon.

Between main phases there are additional four intermediate phases. All together are combined in the following order: New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Last Quarter and Waning Crescent.

[Illustration 1]

One side of the Moon:
Does the Moon present to us the same side?
The Moon rotates while it orbits the Earth. The time it takes to complete a rotation around its axis is the same as the time to revolve around the Earth. The result of this is that the same Moon’s hemisphere always faces the Earth.
mbd4434cfcfce010d_1527752256679_0Does the Moon present to us the same side?
The Moon rotates while it orbits the Earth. The time it takes to complete a rotation around its axis is the same as the time to revolve around the Earth. The result of this is that the same Moon’s hemisphere always faces the Earth.

[Illustration2]

Tides:
The term “tides” describe the alternating rise and fall in sea level compared to the land. Tides are the result of the gravitational attractiongravitational attractiongravitational attraction of the Sun and the Moon.

Lunar tides are the result of the gravitational attractiongravitational attractiongravitational attraction between the Earth and the Moon. Every day there are two high tides and two low tides. The oceans are constantly moving in the cycle from high tidetidetide to low tidelow tidelow tide, and back to high tidehigh tidehigh tide. The time span between the two high tides is about 12 h and 25 min.

In the phase of New or Full Moon the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun are combined and the tides are extremely strong. This phenomenon is called spring tides.

In the quarter Moon phasesMoon phasesMoon phases the gravitational interaction of the Moon and Sun weakens and the difference between tides is small. These are so called neap tides.

[Interactive graphics]

Lesson summarymbd4434cfcfce010d_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

There are four main Moon phases: New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter. The same Moon’s hemisphere always faces the Earth. The tides are the result of the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon.mbd4434cfcfce010d_1527752263647_0There are four main Moon phases: New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter. The same Moon’s hemisphere always faces the Earth. The tides are the result of the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

Moon phasesMoon phasesMoon phases

synodic monthsynodic monthsynodic month

hemispherehemispherehemisphere

tidetidetide

gravitational attractiongravitational attractiongravitational attraction

rotationrotationrotation

high tidehigh tidehigh tide

low tidelow tidelow tide

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Moon phases1
Moon phases

fazy Księżyca

RLwnyEg9N8NPO1
wymowa w języku angielskim: Moon phases
synodic month1
synodic month

miesiąc synodyczny

R1XtiehwArV2Q1
wymowa w języku angielskim: synodic month
gravitational attraction1
gravitational attraction

przyciąganie grawitacyjne

R1O4EnpFydM5x1
wymowa w języku angielskim: gravitational attraction
tide1
tide

pływ

RasPmS7PUowRv1
wymowa w języku angielskim: tide
low tide1
low tide

odpływ

R1P5jNdwKpvPE1
wymowa w języku angielskim: low tide
high tide1
high tide

przypływ

RCHZvMfEPH0xI1
wymowa w języku angielskim: high tide
hemisphere1
hemisphere

półkula

R1LXLvknq3YEI1
wymowa w języku angielskim: hemisphere
rotation1
rotation

rotacja

RsOC8NoqE7E2E1
wymowa w języku angielskim: rotation