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North and South America – landscape, climate and waters

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • the features of America’s location;

  • how to read climatic diagrams;

  • how to read general geography and thematic maps.

You will learn
  • to describe landscape of North and South America;

  • to describe features of the environment and their influence on the climate of America;

  • to indicate mountain barriers and ocean currents which influence the climate;

  • to characterize atmospheric circulationatmospheric circulationatmospheric circulation;

  • to indicate on the map the types of climate present in North and South America.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

The principle climate factors forming types of climate in America are a result of:

  • geographical location;

  • great meridional extent;

  • meridional arrangement of the orographic barrier of the North America Cordillera and the Andes along west coast;

  • influence of both oceans, including ocean currents along coasts.

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America’s hypsometric tints map
Source: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wiking, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

In North America climate is influenced by an extremely well‑developed coastline with two big bays – Hudson Bay filled with cold water in the north, and the Gulf of Mexico with warm water in the south.

In South America climate is strongly influenced by the situation of the major part of the land in the tropics and huge Amazon Basin covered with tropical rainforest.

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America – types of climate
Source: Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wiking, licencja: CC BY 3.0, [online], dostępny w internecie: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/pl/legalcode.

The shape and climate have a significant impact on the water network  of America. The Atlantic Ocean has the largest basin, because the main water section runs along the ridges of the North America Cordillera and the Andes. On both continents, the river network is distinguished by long rivers and a large surface of the river basins. In addition, in North America there are numerous lakes that were formed after the last glaciation (just as in Europe). The largest river system in North America consists of  Mississippi and Missouri. Mississippi is 3658 km long, and together with Missouriit counts 5969 km. In the central eastern part of the continent there is a group of five Great Lakes  which form the largest freshwater reservoir on Earth with an area of 250 thousand km Indeks górny 2 . The largest is Lake Superior with an area of 82.1 thousand km Indeks górny 2. The big rivers in South America are: the Amazon, the Paraná River and the Orinoco River. The Amazon River basin is located in the equatorial humid climate zone. The powerful tributaries on the left and right form the largest basin in the world with an area of 7 million km Indeks górny 2 . The Amazon is the river with the largest water resources on Earth – the average annual flow at the estuary is 175 thousand m Indeks górny 3 / s, which is about 160 times greater than the flow of the Vistula. For years, there have been disputes as to which of the two, the Nile or the Amazon, is the longest river in the world. The most recent measurements indicate that it is the Amazon River, as its length is 6,992 km (the Nile is 6,853 km).

Task 1
Wysłuchaj nagrania abstraktu, ułóż do niego pytania i zadaj je koledze.
Wysłuchaj nagrania abstraktu, ułóż do niego pytania i zadaj je koledze.
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Przypomnij sobie tytuł abstraktu, wysłuchaj nagrania i spróbuj zaproponować własny temat dla dzisiejszej lekcji.
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Exercise 1
These names form the vertical landscape of North and South America. Indicate mountains, highlands and plains. Brazilian the Andes The North American Cordillera Gulf Coastal The Appalachian The Coast Orinoco The Guiana the Rockies the Amazon Cascades Patagonian la Plata.
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Exercise 2
Put in the correct order climate types in North America starting from the northern region of the continent. Elementy do uszeregowania: 1. warm temperate continental, 2. cold temperate continental, 3. subpolar, 4. subtropical, 5. tropical, 6. polar
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Exercise 3
Point out three great rivers of South America. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Amazon, 2. Parana, 3. Orinoko, 4. Pilcomayo, 5. Maroni
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Keywords

America, climate types, North America, South America

Glossary

atmospheric circulation
atmospheric circulation
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

cyrkulacja powietrza - system prądów powietrznych nad powierzchnią kuli ziemskiej. Przyczyną krążenia, czyli cyrkulacji powietrza w troposferze, są różnice w ogrzewaniu powierzchni Ziemi uzależnione od stref oświetlenia Ziemi.

orographic barrier
orographic barrier
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

bariera orograficzna - łańcuch górski, będący przeszkodą dla swobodnego przepływu masy powietrza.