Organising livestock production
Planning cattle feeding
1. Film in the standard version.
2. Film with subtitles.
3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
4. Film with subtitles and narration.
After watching the film "Planning the nutrition of cattle" address the sentences in the exercise, deciding whether they are true or false. Po obejrzeniu filmu „Planowanie żywienia bydła” ustosunkuj się do zdań umieszczonych w ćwiczeniu, podejmując decyzję, czy to prawda czy fałsz.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| The zootechnician needs high protein feed. | □ | □ |
| Feed is intended for laying hens. | □ | □ |
| They have their own grains and pulses on the farm. | □ | □ |
| The zootechnician is interested in purchasing complete feedingstuffs. | □ | □ |
| They need additives such as premixes, mineral blends and vitamins on the farm. | □ | □ |
| Wheat and maize are mixed with the sharps in the henhouse. | □ | □ |
| Maize silage is prepared in transportable silos. | □ | □ |
| The juicy forage used on the farm is carrot roots and green feed. | □ | □ |
| The representative suggested chaff additives to the zootechnician. | □ | □ |
| A program called MNIAM is used on the farm for preparing food doses. | □ | □ |
Health and safety in animal production
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
moduł 16.2, Every year about 12% of all accidents in agriculture involves the handling of farm animals. At least 3 people are killed every year! The basis for working with animals safely is to provide them with the proper welfare. This means creating the right living conditions and enabling them to demonstrate natural behaviour. Caring for personal hygiene reduces the risk of zoonoses. Large livestock buildings should include hygienic and sanitary rooms. It is obligatory to use protective clothing when working with animals. Poisonous gases such as hydrogen sulphide and methane are collected in slurry and liquid manure tanks. Using these tanks requires special care. Feed, manure and pre-herding passages should not intersect. Their width should allow enough room for working . Troughs, mangers and waterers should be placed so that handlers do not have to enter animal stalls.When moving between animals, you should signal your presence in voice or by touch. This will avoid scaring animals and their unexpected response, which poses a threat. Use special safety precautions when working with some animals.Bulls are particularly dangerous, and should have a nose ring and be lead with a stick. During some treatments, animals should be immobilized by the use of a crush.
Animal welfare
The ABC of animal production organization
The text consist of a fragment of a dictionary / index of terms in the field of animal production organization.
Animal cullingAnimal culling - removing the animals that do not meet the breeders criteria from the herd.
Good manufacturing practiceGood manufacturing practice - the set of actions that must be taken and the conditions that must be met in order for food and materials used in food production ensure a healthy, quality food product.
Livestock unitLivestock unit (LU) - a reference unit for animals weighing 500 kg; animal conversion is done using coefficients.
Extensive rearingExtensive rearing - product manufacturing by increasing the number of animals rather than by using measures to increase the productivity of the animals.
Stock turnoverStock turnover - quantitative and qualitative changes within the herd of animals in a given period.Stocking density is the amount of LU per 100 ha of agricultural land.
Selection herdSelection herd - a group of the best animals selected from the herd for the purpose of becoming parents of the next generation.
Livestock structureLivestock structure - percentage share of individual herds in the total number of animals expressed in livestock units (LU).
Herd structureHerd structure- percentage share of the average number of animals of a specific type in the whole herd.
Manure unitManure unit - an animal (unit) that supplies 10 tons of manure per year. This type of conversion calculates the manure production on the farm.
Feed unitFeed unit - a livestock unit consuming an average of 3.5 thousand grain units per year.
Use valueUse value- the animal's ability to produce. Use value is measured by the amount of product obtained over a certain period of time, e.g. the quantity of milk during the lactation period, annual wool yield, etc.
Animal production versus environment
A dialogue between a farmer (F) and an employee (E) of the Inspectorate for Environmental Protection during farm inspection. The inspector asks questions about the manner and place of collection of animal excrements, the amount of natural fertilizers used in fields that may adversely affect the environment. The farmer gives answers.
E: Good morning.
F: Good morning. How can I help you?
E: I am an employee of the Inspectorate for Environmental Protectionthe Inspectorate for Environmental Protection and I would like to carry out an inspection on your farm.
F: Please, come in. What does this inspection concern?
E: I would like to see if the animal production department has any negative impact on the environment.
F: Come in!
E: How many animals are there in your swine herd at the moment?
F: This is calculated as 100livestock unitslivestock units.
E: What groups of animals make up the herd?
F: I run a closed production cycleclosed production cycle, so I have different groups.
E: Where do you store the feed?
F: I store the grain in a funnel silofunnel silo, and the feed I purchase is used on a regular basis.
E: Do you run a rational animal wasteanimal waste management?
F: Yes, I own my own land, where I spill slurry and spread manure.
E: Where do you store manure?
F: I put it on a manure padmanure pad. The water solution of manurewater solution of manure is discharged into a closed tank.
E: What doses of slurry are you using?
F: Maximum 50 m3 per hectare. Due to this , I do not exceed 170 kg of nitrogen per hectare.
E: This is in line with good farming practice.
F: In order to set supplemental doses of mineral fertilizers I use the fertilizer optimizer modulefertilizer optimizer module of the BigPig program.
E: The agricultural use of slurry is not easy.
F: Yes. Applying too high a dose can damage the plants.
E: This is not the only effect of overfertilisation with slurry.
F: Is there any other?
E: Yes. Slurry contains a lot of nitrogen and phosphorus causing eutrophication of water reservoirseutrophication of water reservoirs. Nitrogen can enter the groundwater and contaminate well waterwell water.
F: My farm has no such effect!
E: What about air pollution?
F: Some emissionsemissions can not be avoided. However, the efficient ventilation systemventilation system of livestock buildingslivestock buildings and lack of deep beddingdeep bedding limit their formation.
E: I will include in the report the solutions you are using on the farm.
Read the hypertext no 2 “Animal production versus environment” and match the answer with the questions. Zapoznaj się z hipertekstem nr 2 „Produkcja zwierzęca a środowisko” i dopasuj odpowiedź to pytania.
What production department was inspected?, What elements does slurry contain?, What production cycle does the farmer run?, Where does the farmer store the grain?, Who came to the farmer for inspection?, Where does the farmer store manure?, How much slurry does a farmer use per hectare?, Where is the farmer using the BigPig module?, What phenomenon do these elements cause?, How many animals are there in the swine herd?
| An employee of the Inspectorate for Environmental Protection came for inspection to the farmer. | |
| The inspection concerned the animal production department. | |
| The swine herd consists of 100 livestock units. | |
| The farmer runs a closed production cycle. | |
| The farmer stores grain in a funnel silo. | |
| The farmer stores manure on a manure pad. | |
| The farmer uses 50m3 of slurry per hectare | |
| The farmer uses the BigPig module to determinate the supplemental doses of mineral fertilisers. | |
| Slurry contains nitrogen and phosphorus. | |
| These elements cause eutrophication of water bodies. |
Livestock breeding
The text is part of an article in the trade journal. It discusses ways to mate cows, providing their advantages and disadvantages. It emphasizes that insemination allows for the best use of breeding value of bulls.
There are two basic methods of reproducing cattle: natural matingnatural mating and artificial inseminationartificial insemination.
Natural mating refers to mating a cow and a bull, which gives semensemen directly to the female reproductive systemreproductive system. Depending on how the mating is organized, there is selective breedingselective breeding, harem breedingharem breeding and free matingfree mating.
Selective breeding - under the supervision of a man, the bull is individually admitted to the cow exhibiting symptoms of estrous cycleestrous cycle.
Harem breeding - the bull is constantly with a group of about 30 cows and heifersheifers, covering females in the estrous cycle;
Free matingFree mating - a group of bulls reside with large herds of cows.
Artificialinseminationinsemination (insemination) involves the introduction of a bull semen, taken from the artificial vaginaartificial vagina, into the female reproductive system by means of a pipette. Semen taken from the bulls is, after thorough examination, diluted and delivered in this form for the insemination of cows. As a result of the dilution, one ejaculate can inseminate a dozen cows.
Advantages of insemination:
- the ability to use the beststudsstuds (one father produces a few or tens of thousands of offspring a year, not dozens - as in natural mating), which influences the acceleration of breeding progressbreeding progress,
- enabling, through semen conservation in liquid nitrogen, bull testing and using only animals positively labeled,
- reducing the number of studs, which allows for feed and stalls saving,
- the possibility of individual selection of pairs,
- unlimited preservation time for semen, giving you the ability to create gene banksgene banks, i.e. preserving the gene poolgene pool needed for all types of breeding.
Breeding value information for bulls is available in an electronic version. It is used when pairing couples. A special computer programs are used for this.
Based on the hypertext no 3 “Livestock breeding” complete the sentences. Na podstawie hipertekstu nr 3 „Rozród zwierząt hodowlanych” uzupełnij zdania.
breeding progress, insemination, a group of bulls, liquid nitrogen, Selective, pipette, mating, natural mating, harem, artificial vagina
Basic methods of cattle breeding are: .................................. and
Artificial insemination is also called ..................................
The semen is introduced into the female genital tract using a ..................................
The semen is taken from the bull to the ..................................
Insemination affects the acceleration of ..................................
Natural .................................. means mating a cow and a bull.
The bull stays with a group of about 30 cows in .................................. breeding.
.................................. breeding takes place under the supervision of the man.
Free mating - .................................. reside with large herds of cows.
Bull semen is preserved in ..................................
Organisation of poultry production
Watch the audio-visual sequence and complete the sentences with the chosen words. Na podstawie sekwencji audio-wideo uzupełnij zdania wyrazami do wyboru.
c) silages, b) livestock documentation, b) curing, c) livestock buildings, a) removing, c) freedom from stress, b) cowsheds, c) boxes, b) natural breeding, a) natural feed, a) eggs, b) egg yield, b) animal welfare, a) light programs, c) controlled, b) milk, a) breeding incubators, a) age, b) natural, a) light programs, c) harem breeding, a) development phase, b) complete feedingstuffs, a) breeding farms, c) production farms, c) diagnosing, c) sex, a) intensive, b) piggery, c) ejaculate
1. In the commercial production of poultry, egg hatching is carried out in…. ....................................................
2. Sexing is chick segregation according to their ….. ....................................................
3. Culling is the process of ……………………. weak chicks. ....................................................
4. Breeding poultry rearing should take place in the conditions that ensure...………… ....................................................
5. In poultry farms, kept in intensive systems, poultry is kept in ………………………………. conditions. ....................................................
6. In the intensive system, feeding is based on ……………………… ....................................................
7. ……………… is used in order to regulate the course of sexual maturation, egg yield, feed intake time. ....................................................
8. Stocking density, laying hens condition, mortality and culling rate are the elements of ..................... ....................................................
9. Storehouses and packers are the buildings connected to ……………… preparations. ....................................................
10. Improving laying and meat hens takes place in …. ....................................................
Picture
Look at the picture. List the elements you can see and remember their names.
Take a look at the division of feed used in ruminant feeding. Remember and repeat their names.
Take a look at the illustration and list the factors affecting the number of eggs obtained from laying hens
Based on a picture no 2 match the following feeds to the categories. Na podstawie rysunku nr 2 przyporządkuj wymienione pasze do poszczególnych kategorii.
lupins, legumes, legumes straw, maize, rye, broad bean, wheat, carrot, grasses, soybean meal, barley, oats, potato, beet, pea, cereals straw
| root juicy forage: | |
|---|---|
| farm feed concentrates - grains: | |
| juicy forage - green feed: | |
| juicy forage - silage: | |
| feed concentrates - commercial sharps: | |
| farm feed concentrates - pulses: | |
| dry forage - straw: |
Game
Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/D1qKu1Lla
Dictionary
brakowanie zwierząt
odchody zwierzęce
obsługa zwierząt
dobrostan zwierząt
niepokój
sztuczne unasienianie
sztuczna pochwa
zachowania behawioralne
ferma zarodowa
inkubator lęgowy
postęp hodowlany
pasza węglowodanowa
plewy
przewlekły stres
cykl zamknięty
produkcja towarowa
mieszanka pełnoporcjowa
poskrom
głęboka ściółka
diagnostyka
wylęg
nieśność
ejakulat
emisja
stan emocjonalny
zakiszanie
ruja
eutrofizacja zbiorników
ekstensywny chów
strach
mieszalnia pasz
korytarz paszowy
sztuki żywieniowe
moduł optymalizacji nawozowej
dawka pokarmowa
wolność od głodu, pragnienia i niedożywienia,
wolność od bólu, urazów i chorób,
silos lejowy
bank genowy
pula genów
dobra praktyka produkcyjna
HACCP
krycie haremowe
wyklucie
jałowica
struktura stada
pasza wysokobiałkowa
siarkowodór
pomieszczenie higieniczno‑sanitarne
inseminacja
kwas mlekowy
stan niosek
program świetlny
pomieszczenie inwentarskie
struktura inwentarza żywego
duża jednostka przeliczeniowa
warunki bytowe, warunki utrzymania
płyta gnojowa
korytarz gnojowy
sztuka obornikowa
psychiczne cierpienie
metan
preparat mikrobiologiczny
mieszanka mineralna
padnięcia
krycie naturalne
kółko nosowe
pakowalnia
dyskomfort fizyczny
korytarz przepędowy
premiks
profilaktyka
odzież ochronna
dojrzewanie płciowe
receptura mieszanki
drogi rodne
stado selekcyjne
krycie z ręki
nasienie
seksowanie
dodatek do kiszonki
śruta sojowa
obrót stada
obsada zwierząt, obsada ptaków
zbiornica
reproduktor
Inspekcja Ochrony Środowiska
dyskomfort termiczny
leczenie
wartość użytkowa
system wentylacji
woda gnojowa
woda studzienna
choroba odzwierzęca
