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Proteins - occurrence and role in the body

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • how amino acids are built;

  • that amino acids can bind together to form peptides.

You will learn
  • to identify food products that are the source of protein;

  • to discuss the role of proteins in the body.

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Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Occurrence of proteins and their role in the body

Proteins are the basic element building all organisms. A man has to provide the protein in his diet. These proteins in the digestion process are divided into smaller fragments, which produce new proteins necessary for the body.

Where proteins are found?

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Grafika przedstawia występowanie białek w produktach spożywczych, occurrence of proteins in food products. Ukazane są grafiki produktów wraz z podpisami: mięso, meat, rośliny strączkowe, legumes, jajka (żółtko też jest białkiem), eggs (yolk is also a protein), nabiał, dairy.

The protein content in food products is different, which should be taken into consideration when selecting products consumed during the day. The daily requirement for protein is an individual feature of the body – depends on age and gender.

person

Daily protein requirement [g]

girls

85

boys

95

women

70

men

95

products

Protein content
(mass percentage)[%]

milk

3

eggs

13

cheese

26

fromage frais

13

blue cheese

20‑21

kabanos

27

fish

19–21

bean

21

lentil

25

soy

24

Proteins act as building blocks (build muscle, nails, hair and tissues). Their digestion takes place with the participation of protein enzymes. Protein is the main component of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is responsible for supplying oxygen to cells.

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Grafika interaktywna opisuje funkcje białek w organizmie, proteins functions in the body. W centrum obrazu znajduję się niebieskie koło z narysowanymi białymi sylwetkami kobiety i mężczyzn. Wokół kołka rozmieszczone są strzałki wskazujące na białka ich główne funkcje: pepsyna-enzym trawiący białka, Pepsin an enzyme that digest proteins, hemoglobina-przenosi tlen, Hemoglobin carries oxygen, insulina- hormon trzustki regulujący stężenie glukozy we krwi, Insulin a pancreatic hormone that regulates blood glucose, fibrynogen- powoduje krzepliwość krwi, Fibrinogen causes blood clotting, miozyna- buduje mięśnie, Myosin builds muscle, kreatyna-buduje włosy i paznokcie, Creatine builds hair and nails, kolagen-buduje ścięgna, Collagen builds tendons.
Task 1

Answer, working in pairs, the following questions.

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What is the role of protein in the body? (Uzupełnij). Name three effects of deficiency and excess protein in the human body? (Uzupełnij). What changes does protein undergo in the human body? (Uzupełnij).
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Exercise 1
Select the statements that are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Humans can only consume animal protein, 2. The most well-known symptoms of protein deficiency in the body include: brittle, falling out hair, longitudinal lines on the nails, edema, skin changes, apathy, defatting the liver, drop in immunity, decubitus ulcers, weak muscles, 3. Protein from food in the human body is hydrolysed to amino acids, 4. Part of the amino acids as a result of changes in the body is modified, and then serves to build a protein proper to the human body, 5. Seeds of beans, soya and lentils and cheese contain less than 20% protein

Summary

  • The molecules of all proteins are mainly composed of atoms of four elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Some of the proteins may include sulfur atoms, phosphorus and other elements.

  • The basic elements building proteins are amino acids.

  • Proteins are macromolecular chemical compounds, made up of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds.

  • Proteins are the main building blocks of organisms. They perform functions: building, transport, regulating and others.

  • The source of animal protein include eggs, dairy, meat, fish, and vegetable – cereals and legumes, such as beans, soy and lentils.

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Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. Finish selected sentences. 1 It was easy for me (uzupełnij). 2 It was difficult for me (uzupełnij). 3 Today I learned (uzupełnij). 4 I understood that (uzupełnij). 5 It surprised me (uzupełnij).
Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Keywords

Proteins, occurrence of proteins, role of proteins

Glossary

protein
protein
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

białka – wielkocząsteczkowe związki zbudowane z reszt aminokwasowych połączonych wiązaniami peptydowymi; w skład cząsteczek białek wchodzą głównie atomy takich pierwiastków, jak: węgiel, wodór, tlen i azot

peptide bond
peptide bond
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Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

wiązanie peptydowe – powstaje w wyniku połączenia się (kondensacji) aminokwasów; tworzą je grupy karboksylowa i aminowa łączących się cząsteczek aminokwasów. W wyniku łączenia się aminokwasów powstaje też woda