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The image below shows contemporary shopping. The internet allows for a stress‑free shopping experience, but it also allows us to prepare for shopping in in‑store shops. In a world in which we are constantly attacked by 'bargain shopping' advertising, can we try to balance our necessary expenses with those that are not essential? What can we do to make our purchases sensible and at the same time save money for the future?
Poniższa ilustracja przedstawia współczesne zakupy. Internet pozwala na bezstresowe kupowanie oraz na przygotowanie się do zakupów w sklepach stacjonarnych. Czy w świecie, w którym nieustannie jesteśmy atakowani reklamami „okazyjnych zakupów”, możemy postarać się o rozróżnienie niezbędnych wydatków i tych, które są zbędne? Co zrobić, by nasze zakupy jednocześnie były rozsądne i pozwoliły nam na zaoszczędzenie nieco środków z naszych funduszy?

Drag the phrases and words to create a quotation related to spending habits.
Read the text and do the exercises below.
Good and Bad SpenderHow to be a good spender?
How to become a consciousconscious spender and live safer financially? Saving does not at all have to mean giving up the comforts of life or entertainment. By following a few simple steps, you may create better spending habits, feel safer, and achieve your bigger financial goals faster.
Step 1
Create an emergency fundemergency fund to cover unexpected costs. You will avoid costly interest chargesinterest charges if things go wrong and get extra money for a great summer holiday (for example) in the future. The rule of thumbrule of thumb is to save 10% of your income every month. Why 10%? Because it sounds manageablemanageable and is unlikely to interfere withinterfere with your basic needs.
Step 2
Create a plan for how to spend your money and note down how you spend each month. In other words, create your own budget. It sounds technical and difficult, but in fact it is very simple:
- determine your monthly budget;
- collect all the documents recording your fixed costsfixed costs;
- determine all necessary variable expensesvariable expenses, such as the cost of food, transportation, or entertainment;
- add all your other regular contributionscontributions, i.e. costs of education, subscriptions, etc.
- think again about your spending habits, perhaps you forgot to include “casualcasual” snacks or treatstreats you accidently buy regularly. Their prices usually escape our attention.
Step 3
Now look again at the figures: is your budget sensiblesensible or are you often short of moneyare you often short of money? Are your calculations realistic or does your new budget need readjustmentreadjustment? There is nothing wrong with modifying it after some time. Perhaps it will become a tool you use to discover some unnecessary spending you usually do not notice? Especially, if you reflectreflect on a number of budgets month by month. It can be a revelationrevelation.
Whatever the benefits of budgetingbudgeting may be, there is one important thing: always think about the prize that goes with better monitoringmonitoring of your finances. You should always have a goal, whatever its size (it can be a holiday or a new laptop)! Think ahead and enjoy the thought! It is really important.
There’s just one more issue: can anything be done to avoid being a bad spender?
How to be a bad spender?
Step 1
We all sometimes spend money without a plan. The problem starts when we spend money without reflection (step 2 shows you one tool to increase your awarenessawareness). Things that you should definitely try to avoid are:
- going shopping on an impulseon an impulse, especially when you decide to buy something without comparing prices (why not use on‑line tools first?). The best policypolicy is always giving yourself time to think things overthink things over before you commitcommit. Perhaps the best time to buy this thing is next month or a different season?
- doing shopping without a shopping list. A good list will help you not only to remember what you need to buy, but also to avoid things you do not really need (some people buy things not because they need them, but because they are bored!).
- buying things just to impressimpress others, reflect: will this product really make me happier or be disposed ofdisposed of after a short time? And in the case of a more expensive item: does it really match my style, interests, or hobby?
- getting caught by the tricks of advertisers who try to make you reach for brand‑name productsbrand‑name products without even thinking. At least try genericgeneric or store brandsstore brands, starting with the products you buy most often. You may be surprised how much money you may save.
- buying convenience foodconvenience food or snacks “out of habit” (just think: wouldn’t a home‑made lunch or sandwich be cheaper and, most of all, healthier?)
Step 2
Reflect on your budget (or better yet: a series of budgets) and find items which were actually a waste of money. Those which have dragged you away from your dream goal or prize. Aren’t they a product of a bad habit which you have developed over time and is difficult to get rid of? Think about what you are going to lose by sticking to it.sticking to it.
Step 3
Breaking bad habitsBreaking bad habits and being aware of your spending habits will definitely produce some savings. TrackTrack them with pride and watch them grow. This pride will motivate you to keep goingkeep going when temptationtemptation strikes.
Conclusion
Keeping in mind these simple steps above will definitely make you feel better and much safer. Adopting healthier ways of managing your money will, in the end, bring greater financial freedom and peace of mindpeace of mind.
Źródło: Zdzisław Dudek, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
TRUEFALSE
2. If your emergency fund is hardly manageable, reduce it.
TRUEFALSE
3. An emergency fund will usually be spent at the end of the month.
TRUEFALSE
4. The cost of electricity bills can be classified as a fixed cost.
TRUEFALSE
5. The things we buy to impress others often do not match our needs.
TRUEFALSE
6. Budgeting is a tool which can limit your unnecessary spending.
TRUEFALSE
7. Store brands usually use expensive and attractive marketing campaigns.
TRUEFALSE
8. Eating home-made food is usually more expensive than buying convenience foods.
TRUEFALSE
9. A good method for breaking bad spending habits is being peaceful.
TRUEFALSE
2. Analysts say that a majority of people prefer 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation when buying shoes.
3. We can only predict how much bread and milk costs, and they are 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation.
4. Van Gogh’s paintings came as a 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation to her.
5. The magazine is funded by 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation from private persons.
6. Typical 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation include rent, car payments, or insurance payments.
7. Financial institutions earn profit from 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation on your credit card.
8. Try not to use up more than 30% of the credit available on your card – that’s a 1. variable expenses, 2. monitoring, 3. readjustment, 4. temptations, 5. contributions, 6. brand-name products, 7. fixed costs, 8. rule of thumb, 9. interest charges, 10. revelation every card user should know.
Słownik
/ əˈweənəs /
świadomość
/ ˈbɑːɡɪn ˈʃɒpɪŋ /
zakupy po okazyjnej cenie (sale of goods offering a special price, usually lower than the regular price)
/ ˌbrænd neɪm ˈprɒdʌkt /
produkt markowy (product which is made by a well‑known manufacturer and bears their label)
/ ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˌbæd ˈhæbɪts /
przełamywanie złych nawyków (giving up bad habits)
/ ˈbʌdʒətɪŋ /
planowanie wydatków (creating a plan to spend your money)
/ ˈkæʒʊəl /
tu: przygodny/przygodna, przypadkowy/przypadkowa (occasional)
/ kəˈmɪt jɔːˈself /
zobowiązać (się) (decide that you will definitely do something)
/ ˈkɒnʃəs /
świadomy/świadoma
/ ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn̩z / / ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn̩ /
składki [składka] (a sum of money that you pay regularly to a plan)
/ kənˈviːnɪəns fuːd /
dania gotowe (commercially prepared food)
/ dɪˈspəʊzd ɒv /
wyrzucony/wyrzucona (thrown away)
/ ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi fʌnd /
fundusz awaryjny, pieniądze na czarną godzinę (money set aside to pay for unexpected expenses)
/ ɪˈsenʃl̩ /
niezbędny/niezbędna, istotny/istotna
/ ɪkˈspensɪz / / ɪkˈspens /
koszty, wydatki [koszt, wydatek]
/ fɪkst kɒst /
koszty stałe (unchangeable costs, esp. those which have to be regularly paid)
/ dʒɪˈnerɪk brænd /
marka generyczna (nieposiadająca znaku towarowego) (products lacking a widely recognisable logo or trademark and not advertised)
/ ɪmˈpres ˈpiːpl̩ /
zrobić wrażenie na ludziach
/ ˈɪntrəst ˈtʃɑːdʒɪz / / ˈɪntrəst tʃɑːdʒ /
koszty odsetek [koszt odsetek]
/ ˌɪntəˈfɪə wɪð ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ /
kolidować z czymś
/ ɪz ə ˈluːzɪŋ ˈgeɪm / / bi ə ˈluːzɪŋ ɡeɪm /
jest przegrany/przegrana [być przegranym/przegraną]
/ kiːp ˈɡəʊɪŋ /
kontynuować, robić to dalej (continue)
/ ˈmænɪdʒəbl̩ /
dający/dająca się wykonać (feasible)
/ ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ /
nadzór, monitorowanie (control)
/ ˈɒn ən ˈɪmpʌls /
pod wpływem impulsu
/ ˈpi:s əv maɪnd /
(własny) spokój (feeling of calm)
/ ˈpɒləsi /
strategia, zasada postępowania
/ ˈpɜːtʃəsɪz / / ˈpɜːtʃəs /
zakupy [zakup] (act of buying something)
/ ˌriːəˈdʒʌstmənt /
dostosowanie na nowo (adjusting again)
/ ˌrevəˈleɪʃn̩ /
odkrycie, objawienie (information which comes as a surprising discovery)
/ rɪˈflekt /
zastanowić się (think again)
/ ruːl əv ˈthetaʌm /
praktyczna zasada (a way of judging a situation using only your common sense and experience)
/ ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnt /
rachunek oszczędnościowy
/ ˈsensəbl̩ /
rozsądny/rozsądna
/ ˈspendə /
osoba wydająca pieniądze (a person who spends money in a particular way)
/ stɪkɪŋ tu ˈɪt / / stɪkɪŋ tu ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ /
(uparte) trzymanie się tego [trzymać się czegoś (uparcie)]
/ stɔː brænd /
marka sklepowa (product bears the brand of the shop and not its producer)
/ tempˈteɪʃn̩ /
pokusa
/ ˈthetaɪŋk ˈthetaɪŋz ˈəʊvə / / ˈthetaɪŋk ˈsʌmthetaɪŋ ˈəʊvə /
przemyśleć pewne rzeczy [przemyśleć coś]
/ træk /
śledzić (follow)
/ triːts / / triːt /
smakołyki [smakołyk] (something eaten as an addition to regular meals for pleasure, usually sweet)
/ ˈveərɪəbl̩ ɪkˈspensɪz / / ˈveərɪəbl̩ ɪkˈspens /
koszty zmienne [koszt zmienny] (costs that change over time, such as groceries)
/ ju ər ˈɒfn̩ ʃɔ:t əv ˈmʌni / / bi ʃɔ:t əv ˈmʌni /
brakuje ci często pieniędzy [nie mieć pieniędzy]
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0