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The history of the Black Lives Matter movement is paved with human tragedy. One would think that in the 21st‑century people should know better, and racism and discrimination would be no more than a dishonourable part of the past. It’s horrifying that movements still need to be created to protect and fight for such basic rights as equal treatment of citizens by state agencies and institutions. Have you heard of any cases of discrimination against ethnic minorities?

Historia ruchu Black Lives Matter pisana jest ludzkimi tragediami. Można by oczekiwać, że w XXI wieku rasizm i dyskryminacja będą jedynie niechlubną przeszłością. Przerażający jest fakt, że wciąż konieczne jest powoływanie do życia ruchów, których celem jest walka o tak podstawowe prawa, jak równe traktowanie ludzi przez służby i instytucje państwowe. Czy słyszałeś/słyszałaś o przypadkach dyskryminacji wobec mniejszości etnicznych?

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Anger brought people to the streets
Gniew wyprowadził ludzi na ulice
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.freepik.com [dostęp 17.09.2022], domena publiczna.
Exercise 1
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Here are some things that Michelle Obama, the former First Lady of the USA, said. Drag and drop the words into the correct gaps to complete the quote from Michelle Obama. "I can’t make people not     1. 1. discrimination, 2. wonderful, 3. care, 4. afraid, 5. head     of black people. I don’t know what’s going on. I can’t explain what’s happening in your     2. 1. discrimination, 2. wonderful, 3. care, 4. afraid, 5. head. But maybe if I show up every day as a human, a good human, doing     3. 1. discrimination, 2. wonderful, 3. care, 4. afraid, 5. head     things, loving my family, loving your kids, taking     4. 1. discrimination, 2. wonderful, 3. care, 4. afraid, 5. head     of things that I care about — maybe, just maybe that work will pick away at the scabs of your     5. 1. discrimination, 2. wonderful, 3. care, 4. afraid, 5. head.     Maybe that slowly will unravel.”
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Study the text and do the exercises below.

Every Life Matters
Anna Posyniak-Dutka Every Life Matters

George Floyd was a 46‑year‑old African‑American murdered by a police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota on May 25, 2020. A shop assistant called the police suspecting that Mr Floyd had used a counterfeit twenty‑dollar billcounterfeit twenty‑dollar billcounterfeit twenty‑dollar bill during a transaction in the shop. Four police officers arrived at the scene and arrested Mr Floyd. During the arrest, one of the officers kneltknelt [kneel]knelt on Mr Floyd’s neck and back for nearly 9 and a half minutes. The detainee’s crydetainee’s crydetainee’s cry that he couldn’t breathe remained without officers’ reaction, which resulted in Mr Floyd’s death.

People took to the streetstook to the streets [take to the streets]took to the streets to protest against police brutality and ill‑treatmentill‑treatmentill‑treatment of citizens of non‑white ethnic backgrounds. A series of protests, which in many places turned into riotsturned into riots [turn into riots]turned into riots, spread across the United States and all over the world. The police officer responsible for the death of George Floyd was arrested and put on trialput on trial [put somebody on trial]put on trial. He was found guilty ofwas found guilty of [be found guilty of]was found guilty of murder and sentenced towas sentenced to [be sentenced to]sentenced to 22 and a half years imprisonmentimprisonmentimprisonment. For many Black Lives Matter (BLM) proponentsproponents [proponent]proponents it was not enough. They keep fighting to eradicate racismeradicate racismeradicate racism and violence against the black community.

George Floyd’s was neither the first nor the last case of a person of colourperson of colourperson of colour being an object of brutal ill‑treatment by law enforcementlaw enforcementlaw enforcement or other authorities who should be paradigmsparadigms [paradigm]paradigms of how to fight systemic racismsystemic racismsystemic racism instead of becoming part of it. The tensions and anger had been building up for years. Unfair treatment and abuse of powerabuse of powerabuse of power used against people of colour often made the headlinesmade the headlines [make the headlines]made the headlines. The BLM (Black Lives Matter) activists demand that it change and that the lives of black people are valued on a par withon a par withon a par with all other citizens.

The BLM movement originated fromoriginated from [originate from]originated from an event as dramatic as George Floyd’s case. It was the death of Trayvon Martin who was killed by an armed vigilantearmed vigilantearmed vigilante in 2012. Trayvon was 17 at the time and he was shot dead by a neighbourhood watch volunteerneighbourhood watch volunteerneighbourhood watch volunteer who found Trayvon’s behaviour suspicious as the boy was walking the streets alone in the rain. The shooter was acquittedwas acquitted [be acquitted]was acquitted. It caused a nationwide outragecaused a nationwide outrage [cause a nationwide outrage]caused a nationwide outrage. Alicia Garza, one of the activists, posted a comment on social media, part of which, namely Black Lives Matter, was further shared as a hashtag and soon started to live a life of its ownlive a life of its ownlive a life of its own. Online platforms were created where activists from all over the country connected to exchange information and support one another’s actions. People of all ethnic origins came together to express their disapproval, sometimes in silence and often in vocalvocalvocal protests.

Almost 10 years separate the cases of Trayvon and George and although numerous protests were held and some steps were undertaken to curb the unjustified use of forcecurb the unjustified use of forcecurb the unjustified use of force and to end the lack of accountabilityend lack of accountabilityend the lack of accountability among police officers, the situation does not seem to have improved much. People of colour are still wrongfully accused ofwrongfully accused ofwrongfully accused of crimes more often than white citizens. Dishonourable statisticsdishonourable statisticsDishonourable statistics clearly show that black people are far more likely to be killed by police than white people in the United States. BLM is still a call to actioncall to actioncall to action. Paying tributes to victims, manifesting support for the case or even exerting social pressure on legislators are not enough. People’s thinking about racial equality has to change in order for reality to become a safe place for everyone.

1 Źródło: Anna Posyniak-Dutka, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Study the text about the Black Lives Matter movement and decide if the statements below are true or false. 1. George Floyd was shot by a sales assistant.
TRUEFALSE

2. George Floyd was stopped by police when he was trying to sell fake products.
TRUEFALSE

3. George Floyd’s death caused violent demonstrations.
TRUEFALSE

4. No criminal charges were pressed against the police officer responsible for George Floyd’s death.
TRUEFALSE

5. The BLM movement’s goal is to create a world free from racial discrimination.
TRUEFALSE

6. A situation similar to the one in which George Floyd was involved had happened before.
TRUEFALSE

7. Cases of prejudiced practices against people of racial minorities were discussed in the media.
TRUEFALSE

8. Trayvon Martin was a member of a neighbourhood watch when he was shot dead.
TRUEFALSE

9. The person who killed Trayvon Martin was found not guilty.
TRUEFALSE

10. The Black Lives Matter slogan was originally a part of a social media post.
TRUEFALSE

11. Official figures show that black people are treated unfairly or brutally more often than white people in the United States.
TRUEFALSE
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 3
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Choose options which best paraphrase the underlined parts of the sentences. 1. He was suspected of having used a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill.
a) forged
b) stolen
c) damaged

2. People took to the streets to protest against police brutality.
a) started to like being on the streets
b) went outside on the streets
c) left the streets

3. The police officer was put on trial .
a) taken to court
b) tested
c) given probation

4. The BLM activists fight for curbing the unjustified use of force by police.
a) investigating
b) legitimising
c) restraining

5. The lack of accountability among police officers must be put to an end.
a) training
b) responsibility
c) empathy
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4
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Match the terms from the text with their definitions. systemic racism Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a member of a self-appointed group of citizens who decide to enforce the law in their community without legal authority, 2. a person of different than white skin colour, 3. discrimination based on race which is part of laws and institutions of a society, 4. all kinds of agencies, such as police or national guard, whose job is to protect citizens and make sure the law is not broken, 5. a supporter, 6. a self-organised group of people living in the same community who patrol the area to protect it person of colour Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a member of a self-appointed group of citizens who decide to enforce the law in their community without legal authority, 2. a person of different than white skin colour, 3. discrimination based on race which is part of laws and institutions of a society, 4. all kinds of agencies, such as police or national guard, whose job is to protect citizens and make sure the law is not broken, 5. a supporter, 6. a self-organised group of people living in the same community who patrol the area to protect it law enforcement Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a member of a self-appointed group of citizens who decide to enforce the law in their community without legal authority, 2. a person of different than white skin colour, 3. discrimination based on race which is part of laws and institutions of a society, 4. all kinds of agencies, such as police or national guard, whose job is to protect citizens and make sure the law is not broken, 5. a supporter, 6. a self-organised group of people living in the same community who patrol the area to protect it proponent Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a member of a self-appointed group of citizens who decide to enforce the law in their community without legal authority, 2. a person of different than white skin colour, 3. discrimination based on race which is part of laws and institutions of a society, 4. all kinds of agencies, such as police or national guard, whose job is to protect citizens and make sure the law is not broken, 5. a supporter, 6. a self-organised group of people living in the same community who patrol the area to protect it vigilante Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a member of a self-appointed group of citizens who decide to enforce the law in their community without legal authority, 2. a person of different than white skin colour, 3. discrimination based on race which is part of laws and institutions of a society, 4. all kinds of agencies, such as police or national guard, whose job is to protect citizens and make sure the law is not broken, 5. a supporter, 6. a self-organised group of people living in the same community who patrol the area to protect it neighbourhood watch Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a member of a self-appointed group of citizens who decide to enforce the law in their community without legal authority, 2. a person of different than white skin colour, 3. discrimination based on race which is part of laws and institutions of a society, 4. all kinds of agencies, such as police or national guard, whose job is to protect citizens and make sure the law is not broken, 5. a supporter, 6. a self-organised group of people living in the same community who patrol the area to protect it
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 5

Type your answers to the questions in 3–4 sentences in each case.

  1. What event led to the formation of the Black Lives Matter movement?

  2. What is the BLM (Black Lives Matter) movement fighting for?

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

abuse of power
abuse of power

/ əˈbjuːs əv ˈpaʊə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nadużycie władzy (unlawful use of one’s authority)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
armed vigilante
armed vigilante

/ ɑːmd ˌvɪdʒɪˈlænti /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

uzbrojony członek samozwańczej straży obywatelskiej (a member of a self‑appointed group of citizens who decide to enforce law in their community without legal authority)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
call to action
call to action

/ kɔːl tu ˈækʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wezwanie do działania (an appeal to do something)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
caused a nationwide outrage [cause a nationwide outrage]
caused a nationwide outrage [cause a nationwide outrage]

/ kɔːzd ə ˈneɪʃnwaɪd ˈaʊtreɪdʒ / / kɔːz ə ˈneɪʃnwaɪd ˈaʊtreɪdʒ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wywołało ogólnokrajowe oburzenie [wywołać ogólnokrajowe oburzenie] (to make people in the whole country very angry)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
counterfeit twenty‑dollar bill
counterfeit twenty‑dollar bill

/ ˈkaʊntəfɪt ˈtwenti ˈdɒlə bɪl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

fałszywy banknot dwudziestodolarowy (a forged twenty‑dollar banknote)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
curb the unjustified use of force
curb the unjustified use of force

/ kɜːb ði ʌnˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd ˈjuːz əv fɔːs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

ukrócić nieuzasadnione użycie siły (to reduce the number or cases or stop the instances when power is used without an apparent reason)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
detainee’s cry
detainee’s cry

/ ˌdiːteɪˈniːs kraɪ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wołanie zatrzymanego (a shout given out by an arrested person)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
dishonourable statistics
dishonourable statistics

/ dɪsˈɒnərəbl̩ stəˈtɪstɪks /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

niechlubne statystyki (numbers which represent shameful information)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
end lack of accountability
end lack of accountability

/ end ˈlæk əv əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zakończyć bezkarność (to bring impunity to an end)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
eradicate racism
eradicate racism

/ ɪˈrædɪkeɪt ˈreɪsɪzəm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wykorzenić rasizm (to eliminate discrimination based on race)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
ill‑treatment
ill‑treatment

/ ɪl ˈtriːtmənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

złe traktowanie (unfair or wrong approach to something or someone)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
imprisonment
imprisonment

/ ɪmˈprɪznmənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

kara więzienia (the penalty of putting somebody in prison)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
knelt [kneel]
knelt [kneel]

/ nelt / / niːl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

uklęknął [uklęknąć] (to take a position in which one bends one’s knees and supports the whole body on them)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
law enforcement
law enforcement

/ ˌlɔ: ɪnˈfɔːsmənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

organy ochrony porządku publicznego (all kinds of agencies, such as police or national guard, whose job is to protect citizens and make sure the law is not broken)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
live a life of its own
live a life of its own

/ ˈlaɪv ə ˈlaɪf əv ɪts əʊn /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

żyć własnym życiem (to start to exist or develop independently of other things)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
made the headlines [make the headlines]
made the headlines [make the headlines]

/ ˈmeɪd ðə ˈhedlaɪnz / / ˈmeɪk ðə ˈhedlaɪnz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

trafiały na pierwsze strony gazet [trafiać na pierwsze strony gazet] (to be widely discussed in the media)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
neighbourhood watch volunteer
neighbourhood watch volunteer

/ ˈneɪbəhʊd ˈwɒtʃ ˌvɒlənˈtɪə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wolontariusz/wolontariuszka straży sąsiedzkiej (a member of a self‑organised group of people living in the same community who patrol their area to protect it)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
on a par with
on a par with

/ ˈɒn ə ˌpɑ:r wɪð /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

na równi z (at the same level as, equally)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
originated from [originate from]
originated from [originate from]

/ əˈrɪdʒəneɪtɪd frɒm / / əˈrɪdʒəneɪt frɒm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wziął się z [wziąć się z] (to come from)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
paradigms [paradigm]
paradigms [paradigm]

/ ˈpærədaɪmz / / ˈpærədaɪm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

modele [model] (an example, a role model to follow)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
person of colour
person of colour

/ ˈpɜːsn̩ əv ˈkʌlə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

osoba o innym niż biały kolorze skóry (a person of different than white ethnic origin)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
proponents [proponent]
proponents [proponent]

/ prəˈpəʊnənts / / prəˈpəʊnənt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

orędownicy [orędownik/orędowniczka] (a supporter)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
put on trial [put somebody on trial]
put on trial [put somebody on trial]

/ ˈpʊt ˈɒn ˈtraɪəl / / ˈpʊt ˈsʌmbədi ˈɒn ˈtraɪəl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

postawiony przed sądem [postawić kogoś przed sądem] (to take somebody to court, to sue somebody)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
systemic racism
systemic racism

/ sɪˈstemɪk ˈreɪsɪzəm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rasizm systemowy (racist behaviours embedded in the law and institutions)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
took to the streets [take to the streets]
took to the streets [take to the streets]

/ ˈtʊk tu ðə striːts / / ˈteɪk tu ðə striːts /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wyszli na ulice [wyjść na ulice] (to go outside on the streets, usually to protest)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
turned into riots [turn into riots]
turned into riots [turn into riots]

/ tɜːnd ˈɪntə ˈraɪəts / / ˈtɜ:n ˈɪntə ˈraɪəts /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zamieniły się w zamieszki [zamienić się w zamieszki] (to change into violent protests)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
vocal
vocal

/ ˈvəʊkl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

głośne, hałaśliwe (loud)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
was acquitted [be acquitted]
was acquitted [be acquitted]

/ wəz əˈkwɪtɪd / / bi əˈkwɪtɪd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

został uniewinniony [zostać uniewinnionym/uniewinnioną] (to be found not guilty)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
was found guilty of [be found guilty of]
was found guilty of [be found guilty of]

/ wəz faʊnd ˈɡɪlti ɒv / / bi faʊnd ˈɡɪlti ɒv /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

został uznany za winnego [zostać uznanym za winnego/winną](to be convicted by the jury)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
was sentenced to [be sentenced to]
was sentenced to [be sentenced to]

/ wəz ˈsentənst tuː / / bi ˈsentənst tuː /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

został skazany na [zostać skazanym na] (to receive a penalty)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
wrongfully accused of
wrongfully accused of

/ ˈrɒŋfəli əˈkjuːzd ɒv /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

bezpodstawnie oskarżani o [bezpodstawnie oskarżony/oskarżona o] (charged with doing something that one didn’t do)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.