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Rounding natural numbers

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Zaokrąglanie liczb naturalnych

Learning objectives

  • You will learn to round natural numbers up and down.

Learning effect

  • You will learn the difference between approximation and rounding of a natural number.

Introduction:

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nagranie abstraktu

Think which situation we use phrases: „aboutaboutabout”, „more or lessmore or lessmore or less”, „approximately”, „almostalmostalmost”, “a bit more thana bit more thana bit more than”.

What do they mean?

  • By using phrases: „aboutaboutabout”, „more or lessmore or lessmore or less”, „approximately”, „almost”almostalmost”, “a bit more thana bit more thana bit more than” we give approximate values.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Read the exercise and fill in the table.

The teacher announced that the school trip will cost 395 zł. The kids passed this information to their friends who were absent that day. Ania said that the trip costs around 1000 zł, Tomek – aboutaboutabout 950 zł, Marcin – aboutaboutabout 900 zł, Kasia said more than 900 zł and Wojtek said almostalmostalmost 1000 zł.

In the column, put the names of the kids that gave approximate values.

A value smaller than the real one

A value greater than the real one

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nagranie abstraktu
  • Approximations are numbers smallersmallersmaller or greater than the exact value.

  • In mathematics we need to do the approximationapproximationapproximation according to strict rules. Then we talk aboutaboutabout rounding.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the interactive illustration and analyse it. After watching it, formulate rules of rounding numbers, by filling in the diagram prepared by the teacher.

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Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia zaokrąglenie liczby pięć tysięcy siedemset trzydzieści pięć kolejno: do tysięcy - strzałka podpisana rounding to thousands, do setek - strzałka podpisana rounding to hundreds oraz do dziesiątek - strzałka podpisana rounding to tens. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. 5735 ≈ 6000, because 7 > 5, then we add 1 to 5 (rounding up) {audio}, 2. 5735 ≈ 5700, because 3 < 5, then the digit 5 stays the same (rounding up), 3. 5735 ≈ 5740, because 5 ≥ 5, then we add 1 to 3 (rounding up) {audio}.
Rounding numbers
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Conclusions:

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Rounding numbers - conclusions
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

Do the exercises by using the rules of rounding they learnt.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Round the numbers to the nearest tens. Identify if it is rounding uprounding uprounding up or rounding downrounding downrounding down:

  1. 1254

  2. 3652

  3. 75986

  4. 2568

  5. 471

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Round the numbers to the nearest hundreds. Identify if it is rounding uprounding uprounding up or rounding downrounding downrounding down:

  1. 1254

  2. 3652

  3. 75986

  4. 2568

  5. 471

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Round the numbers to the thousands. Identify if it is rounding uprounding uprounding up or rounding downrounding downrounding down:

  1. 1254

  2. 3652

  3. 75986

  4. 2568

  5. 471

Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

Fill in the table:

Planets of the Solar System

The distance of the plan from the Sun

The distance rounded to hundred thousands

The distance rounded to millions

Mercury

57 909 170 km

Venus

108 208 926 km

Earth

149 597 887 km

Mars

227 936 637 km

Jupiter

778 412 027 km

Saturn

1 426 725 413 km

Uranium

2 870 972 220 km

Neptune

4 498 252 900 km

Task 7

An extra task:

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nagranie abstraktu

Give three numbers that if rounded down to the nearest ten are 30, and three numbernumbernumber than rounded up to the nearest ten are 50.

Do the revision exercises.

Remember:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • Approximations are numbers smallersmallersmaller or greater than the exact value.

  • In mathematics we need to do the approximationapproximationapproximation according to strict rules. Then we talk aboutaboutabout rounding.

  • If the digit in the place smaller by one than the place to which we round up, that is the first digit that will be replaced with zeros is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, then we round the numbernumbernumber down. Then the last kept numbernumbernumber does not change.

  • If the digit in the place smallersmallersmaller by one than the place to which we round up, that is the first digit that will be replaced with zeros is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, then we round the numbernumbernumber one. The last kept number is increased by one.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The number obtained as rounding up of the given number is equal or greater than the given number., 2. By rounding the number 2154 to hundreds we obtain the number 2200., 3. By rounding the number 25 to tens we obtain the number 20., 4. By rounding the number 2544 to hundreds we obtain the number 2500.
Exercise 2

Write the number 25 365 524 454 with the approximation to:

  1. billions

  2. millions

  3. thousands

  4. hundreds

Exercise 3

In English, describe the difference between approximation and rounding.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. zaokrąglenie z niedomiarem - rounding down, 2. zaokrąglenie z nadmiarem - rounding up, 3. przybliżenie - approximation, 4. około - about, 5. trochę ponad - more or less, 6. około - almost
Rzadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

a bit more than
a bit more than

trochę ponad

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wymowa w języku angielskim: a bit more than
about
about

około

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wymowa w języku angielskim: about
almost
almost

prawie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: almost
approximation
approximation

przybliżenie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: approximation
more or less
more or less

mniej więcej

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wymowa w języku angielskim: more or less
natural numbers
natural numbers

liczby naturalne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: natural numbers
number
number

liczba

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wymowa w języku angielskim: number
rounding down
rounding down

zaokrąglenie z niedomiarem – jeśli cyfrą z rzędu o jeden niższego niż ten, do którego zaokrąglamy, jest cyfra 0, 1, 2, 3 lub 4, to liczbę zaokrąglamy w dół

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wymowa w języku angielskim: rounding down
rounding up
rounding up

zaokrąglenie z nadmiarem – jeśli cyfrą z rzędu o jeden niższego niż ten, do którego zaokrąglamy, jest cyfra 5, 6, 7, 8 lub 9, to liczbę zaokrąglamy w górę

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wymowa w języku angielskim: rounding up
smaller
smaller

mniejszy/a

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wymowa w języku angielskim: smaller

Keywords

aboutaboutabout

almostalmostalmost

approximationapproximationapproximation

rounding downrounding downrounding down - if the digit in the place smaller by one than the place to which we round up is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, then we round the number down

rounding uprounding uprounding up - if the digit in the place smaller by one than the place to which we round up is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, then we round the number one