Zapisywanie dokumentów tekstowych w różnych formatach

Since text editors became advanced programmes as parts of office suites, they have included a range of additional elements apart from text, e.g. tables, images, charts. In order to store such documents, the makers of computer software apply one of the selected saving formats.

• An open formatopen formatopen format is a document saving standard developed by independent non‑profit organizations which can be used and implemented by anyone. The users of documents complying with the standard can access them by using the programmes of various providers. The example of such a file format is ODF (OpenDocument).

• A proprietary formatproprietary formatproprietary format is a file format that is developed and controlled by a specific company. The exchange of such files between the applications of different providers is very difficult. The example of such a file format is DOC.

• An open proprietary formatopen proprietary formatopen proprietary format is an open document saving format which has not been accepted as standard by the majority of software developers. It enables exchanging data between programmes of various providers, but it does not ensure the compatibility of all elements of a document. The example of such a file format is OOXML (Office Open XML).

For instance Word, the most popular text editor, can save its documents as:

• a standard Word document,

• a Word templatetemplatetemplate,

• older versions of Word,

• PDF,

• a web page,

• an XPS document,

• an OpenDocument,

• a text filetext filetext file,

• an RTF file.

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Zrzut ekranu przedstawia fragment formatki zapisywaniu pliku w programie MS Word. Na górze napis File names i obok pole tekstowe z wpisanym słowem document. Poniżej napis Save as type i obok lista rozwijana zawierająca nazwy typów plików: Word Document, Word Macro-Enabled Document, Word 97-2007 Document, Word Template, Word Macro-Enabled Template, Word 97-2003 Template, PDF, XPS Document, Single File Web Page, Web Page, Web Page Filtered, Rich Text Format, Plain Text, Word XML Document, Strick Open XML Document, OpenDocument Text.

Every text editor has its own default file type in which a document is saved. If you want to change this type, you must use the option Save As. Just below the File name dialogue box, a drop‑down list entitled Save as type is displayed, which includes all file saving standardssaving standardssaving standards supported by the text editor.

A document templatetemplatetemplate is a file format that enables saving a document as a template, based on which you can create new documents. It allows to save the document content and settings such as styles, page layout and even customcustomcustom keyboard shortcutskeyboard shortcutskeyboard shortcuts and menus.

A web page (HTM/HTML) is a file format that enables saving a document for displaying on the internet. The web page created this way usually differs with the original document in the layout of text and images.

When a text document is saved in the HTML format, an additional folder is created on the disc, in which the image files included in the document and other auxiliary files are saved.

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Zrzut ekranu przedstawia ikonę dokumentu HTML (Document.htm) oraz ikonę folderu z plikami umieszczonymi w tym dokumencie (Document_files). Ikona dokumentu html przedstawiona jest jako kartka z zagiętym prawym, górnym rogiem. Środkową część kartki zajmuje ikona Firefox. Jest to kula ziemska, którą obejmuje panda mała, często mylona z lisem. Ikona folderu przedstawiona jest jako papierowa teczka na dokumenty. Teczka jest postawiona i uchylona. Widoczne są kartki ułożone w teczce.

A PDF document is a file format that is used for presenting, moving and printing documents. Some editors enable to copy‑protect such a file with a password.

An XPS document is a file format competing with PDF, used for storing and viewing documents, which is supported by some providers of printing systems.

Text editors enable saving documents in standards used for saving files in the previous versions of the software. Reading the older versions of files is usually troublefree.

You can identify the file format in which a document is saved by the icon of the document and the extension of the saved file.

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Ilustracja przedstawia przykładowe formaty zapisu plików tekstowych w postaci zrzutu fragmentu folderu zawierającego przykładowe dokumenty. Można zobaczyć jak nazywa się dokument i jakie ma rozszerzenie. Dokument programu Microsoft Word 97-2003 .doc, Dokument programu Microsoft Word z obsługą makr .docm, Dokument programu Microsoft Word .docx, Szablon programu Microsoft Word .dotx, Adobe Acrobat Document .pdf, Tekst sformatowany RTF .rtf, Dokument tekstowy .txt, Dokument XPS .xps

The European Commission recommends OpenDocument (known also as ODF or ISO/IEC 26300) as standard to be used in administration and business. It is used by many EU institutions and private companies in Poland and in Europe as a fully functional and free solution replacing commercial office software. Similar solution was adopted by the Polish government.

In Word you can automate frequently performed tasks by creating and running macroinstructions. A macro is a range of commands and instructions grouped in one command to automatically execute a specific task. You can decide if macroinstructions will be automatically run in the target document or not. In the file extensions of Word macro‑enabled documents the letter ‘x’ is replaced by ‘m’.

Memorise: macros, though very useful, may contain computer viruses!

Most of the current file saving standardssaving standardssaving standards, not only text ones, are based on Extensible Markup Language (XML). It is a universal formal language intended to represent various data in a structured way. Its structure is a bit similar to HTML as it also uses markups. Thanks to the XML format it is possible to use new functions, objects and formatting elements. It enables saving e.g. SmartArt 3D or mathematical formulae in a document.

Exercises

Glossary

Keywords

open formatopen formatopen format

open proprietary formatopen proprietary formatopen proprietary format

proprietary formatproprietary formatproprietary format