Rsy74ckfSxZ9c

Southern Europe - Mediterranean culture, tourism

Source: licencja: CC 0, [online], dostępny w internecie: https://pixabay.com.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • that the natural environment in Southern Europe is conducive to settlement;

  • that great cultures developed in Southern Europe, whose achievements had a significant effect on the developent of the civilisation in Europe;

You will learn
  • to be able to point out the most outstanding natural and cultural features of Southern Europe on a thematic map;

  • to demonstrate the role and significance of tourism;

  • to use information sources to describe selected tourist attractions in Southern Europe.

Rgd4b5NkCnEpR
Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Southern Europe – areas of early settlement

The origins of European civilization are considered to have come from the succesful movement of the older Asian civilisation to younger colonies situated in the islands of the eastern Mediterranean. Around 6000 BC settlers from Asia Minor began to enter eastern areas of Southern Europe. The Asia Minor Peninsula is separated from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, which at their narrowest point are around 1km wide. It is likely the incomers included shepherds and farmers from the Fertile Crescent, that is, a place where many plants and animals had been previously cultivated.

The following infographic gives information on the development of agriculture in Southern Europe.

RuHaPiohgUfFF1
Ilustracja przedstawia zielone zboże rosnące na polu. 1. Food Groups of hunters and gatherers discovered that there were ways of obtaining food by cultivating plants in an annual cycle, which had previously only grown wild., 2. Plants At first 8 species of plants were cultivated (the foundation species). These included:- eincorn wheat, flat headed wheat and barley;- legumes – lentils, snap peas, chick peas and vetch;- textile plants – flax., 3. Animals Somewhat later 4 animal species were domesticated: sheep, goats, pigs and cattle., 4. Development of agriculture The effects of agricultural development included:- more efficient food production;- a variety of technical innovations;- development of methods of exchanging foodstuffs (development of trade);- a more settled lifestyle, which led to the creation of villages, then cities, as well as steady growth of the number of people living in a given area.
Source: licencja: CC 0.

Southern Europe – the great cultures of the Mediterranean basin

The oldest culture of the Mediterranean is considered to be the Minoan culture from Crete. Preserved documents show that in the seventeenth century BC the inhabitants of Crete ruled over this entire known marine area. The history of Ancient Greece covers a period of more than a thousand years. The Golden Age of Greek city states lasted from VIII to the IV centuries BC. The beginning of the era is marked by the first Olympic Games, which occurred in 776 BC. At that time, the Greek city states were colonising many famous places such as: Naxos, Messina and Syracuse in Sicily, Massilia (now Marsailles), Napolis (Naples). The expansion of Ancient Rome began from the third century BC into areas occupied by the Greeks and their city states. The final phase is considered to be the capture of Syracuse, which was defended, amongst others, by Archimedes in 212 BC. In the following centuries there came the phenomenon of interpenetration of Greek and Roman culture.

Rqfzzfbm3qPTv
Exercise 1
Podaj stolicę Bułgarii.

Southern Europe – tourist attractions

The following factors are used to define a tourist attraction in Southern Europe:

  • warm Meditteranean climate which encourages relaxing by the water;

  • a concentration of unusual cultural values that are connected to the history of our continent;

  • diverse terrain and interesting vegetation.

Task 1
Wymień zabytki Europy Południowej.
Wymień zabytki Europy Południowej.
Task 2
Name Tourist Attractions in the Countries of Southern Europe.
Name Tourist Attractions in the Countries of Southern Europe.
R7CiDklMClCO9
Wykonaj zadanie zgodnie z poleceniem.
RlyHBVR8oc7rV1
Ilustracja przedstawiająca Europę południową z oznaczonymi walorami krajoznawczymi. Na mapie oznaczono liczne ośrodki kulturowe, obiekty przyrodnicze wpisane na Listę Światowego Dziedzictwa Przyrodniczego i Kulturowego UNESCO w Portugalii, Hiszpanii, Włoszech, Grecji i Turcji. Największe ośrodki europejskiej kultury, które oznaczono na mapie to: Madryt, Florencja, Rzym, Wenecja, Stambuł i Ateny. Obiekty przyrodnicze: Olimp, Durmitor, Delta Dunaju, Jeziora Plitwickie, Dooma, Pireneje Zachodnie, Somaria. Dodatkowo oznaczono Rodos, Kolos, miejsce w którym znajdował się jeden z siedmiu cudów świata starożytnego. 1. South Europe The most outstanding sightseeing attractions, 2. a great center of European culture centers and objects inscribed on the UNESCO list cultural center natural object a place where one of the seven wonders of the ancient world is located.
The most outstanding sightseeing attractions in Southern Europe
Source: licencja: CC BY 3.0.

The map shows cities, centres, monuments and other objects that have been selected and added to the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. The map does not show the full cultural richness of Southern Europe. Many smaller items are not included, such as: the Isle of Capri, karst regions of the Balkan Peninsula, the Rock of Gibraltar – the Columns of Hercules. Each location marked on the map above has a long and rich history. Today, a number of cities in this area are known as the great centres of European culture because of their importance to tourism. These are: Athens, Rome, Florence, Venice, Madrid, Barcelona, Istanbul. Southern Europe is one of the most visited regions in the world by tourists. It yields around 20% of global income from tourism.

Task 3

Based on the knowledge you have gained, complete the following exercises.

Exercise 2
RAILNUcgPKQZa
Wysłuchaj nagrań słówek w słowniczku i naucz się ich prawidłowej wymowy.
RfaAY1rv9l9qj
Exercise 3
From the list of cities, match the corresponding historic sites. ruins of the Parthenon Basilica and St Mark's Square the Seven Hills Florence Cathedral Bosphoros Strait Prado Museum Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Madrid, 2. Istanbul, 3. Florence, 4. Rome, 5. Athens, 6. Venice
Exercise 4
RcwyVtHwRvsEt
Wybierz jedno nowe słowo poznane podczas dzisiejszej lekcji i ułóż z nim zdanie.

Keywords

Southern Europe, Mediterranean basin, UNESCO

Glossary

Minoan culture
Minoan culture
R112mQbvI3UGb
Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

Kultura minojska – kultura kreteńska to jedna z najstarszych kultur epoki brązu w obszarze Morza Śródziemnego powstała na Krecie około 3000 p n e .

Parthenon
Parthenon
R1TsVassTZkHT
Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

Partenon – w latach 447‑432 p.n.e. wybudowano na szczycie Akropolu - wielką świątynię wzniesioną na chwałę bogini Ateny, patronki miasta, której pomoc uratowała Greków przed Persami. Partenon został zbudowany z inicjatywy Peryklesa. Świątynia stoi w miejscu dwóch innych świątyń: Hekatompedonu i niedokończonego tzw. starszego Partenonu, który został zburzony przez Persów.

UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List
UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List
RhZ02EXiiPS0e
Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

Lista Światowego Dziedzictwa Kulturowego i Przyrodniczego UNESCO – lista obiektów dziedzictwa kulturowego i dziedzictwa naturalnego o „wyjątkowej powszechnej wartości” dla ludzkości prowadzona przez organizację wyspecjalizowaną ONZ UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.