Specjalistyczne bazy danych

Answer the introductory questions:

1. What are databases?

2. Where are databases used?

3. Can the content of databases be protected?

4. Can a table be a databasedatabasedatabase?

You will discuss the answers in the classroom.

If any of you have not noticed, I assure you that we have become an informationinformationinformation society, in which information of all kinds constitutes a very significant value. Moreover, information has become a commercial commodity. With information is like with goods - you need to store it somewhere and do it in an organized way, so that you can easily find the information you need. The databases serve this purpose.

Any ordered collection of information can be described as a database and we can safely name a contact list in your mobile phone a database. In fact, even the timetable at the bus stop is a small database containing information on bus departure times.

The databasedatabasedatabase is a set of related information stored in a strictly defined way in a strictly defined structurestructurestructure.

According to the subject of the lesson, let us consider, however, when such a database can be considered specialized?

First of all, we can talk about a specialized databasedatabasedatabase if it contains information that is difficult to accessaccess access and is addressed to a small group of people.

Most often these are scientific databases, because the information they contain is obtained as a resultresultresult of rare and difficult scientific research, and in addition, the results of this research found in such a database will be interesting for a very small group of people.

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Ilustracja przedstawia w schematyczny sposób specjalistyczne bazy danych. W centralnej części rysunku znajduje się laptop i napis Database. Z laptopem połączone są za pomocą linii łamanych rysunki w ramkach ilustrujące tematykę przykładowych baz danych. I tak widzimy drzewa, samochód, apteczkę, budynki, smartfon, konia, kroplę wody.

Secondly, as a specialized database should be considered the one in which many related information is contained, which after being submitted to specialized processing can answer a precise question. At first glance, it is very complicated, but if you think about it then you will come to the conclusion that we deal mainly with such databases.

Such a databasedatabasedatabase is a database of companies. In the simplest form, it contains the name, address including town, contact details and branch of industry. Thanks to such a database, we can quickly find e.g. a garden shop or locksmith shop in our area. However, if such a database will be expanded by, for example, the number of employees and the office or factory area, then analysis of such a database will be more interesting for a company offering office furniture, if it receives a list of companies in their voivodship, in an office sector that employs at least 15 employees. Thanks to this information, the chance of a commercial contact and a good contract is greater than if you try to call with a proposal to sell such furniture „at random”.

Similarly, insurance companies collect a lot of different information about all accidents and incidents, so that they can then assess the risk and determine the amount of insurance premiums. As a resultresultresult of such analyses, the premium is different depending on the place where the car is registered, how old is the driver and how many years the driver has a driving license. Analysing such specialized databases, it has been noticed that in some cities accidents happen more often than in others, that young people are more likely to drive reckless and drivers, who got a driving license recently, have much less experience - these drivers will pay a higher insurance premium.

Many companies, as well as banks and mobile telephony operators, also use economic information offices offering access to databases containing financial information about loans and arrears in payment of bills. These databases are created thanks to the cooperation of banks and credit institutions, as well as companies informing about unpaid invoices or bills.

A specialised database can also be school registers if we decide to search for more complex information in them. Imagine that the sponsor will decide to fund prizes for those students who learn well, do not leave lessons and systematically improve their results. For this purpose, the assessment and attendance database would have to be searched in a proper way, and those students should be selected whose average grades for the last 3 semesters are, for example, at least 4.0, who have not left more than 5 days a year, whose behaviour is at least very good and whose grades in individual subjects were on the same level or improved, but did not deteriorate.

Therefore, specialized databases are those databases which, after analysis, are able to provide a specific, precise answer to a difficult question.

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Pokaz multimedialny - Specjalistyczne bazy danych. Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).

Pokaz multimedialny - Specjalistyczne bazy danych. Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).

Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/DbKyXvT46

A databasedatabasedatabase is a set of related information stored in a strictly defined way in a strictly defined structurestructurestructure.

Exercises

Glossary

Keywords

accessaccessaccess

databasedatabasedatabase

filteringfilteringfiltering

resultresultresult

structurestructurestructure