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Exercise 1

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Study the text and drag the words or phrases connected with the influence of genetics on human development to complete the sentences. Although many of our personality traits are formed by a combination of 1. 1. inherited, 2. genetic disposition, 3. inherited factors, 4. determined by nature, 5. the impact of nature, 6. innate and non-genetic factors, some scientists prove that many of them, especially those related to our appearance, are 2. 1. inherited, 2. genetic disposition, 3. inherited factors, 4. determined by nature, 5. the impact of nature, 6. innate. For example, our eye colour, facial features and bodily proportions are determined by our 3. 1. inherited, 2. genetic disposition, 3. inherited factors, 4. determined by nature, 5. the impact of nature, 6. innate. Still, it would be wrong to state that some of our skills, actions or decisions are inevitable due to 4. 1. inherited, 2. genetic disposition, 3. inherited factors, 4. determined by nature, 5. the impact of nature, 6. innate. While the 5. 1. inherited, 2. genetic disposition, 3. inherited factors, 4. determined by nature, 5. the impact of nature, 6. innate play a certain role in how our lives unfold, most of the important areas of our life, such as a job or favourite leisure activities are not 6. 1. inherited, 2. genetic disposition, 3. inherited factors, 4. determined by nature, 5. the impact of nature, 6. innate and we can shape them as we wish.

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 2

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Pair words and phrases with their definitions. broad implications Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person who has significant innate talents, 2. the way someone is educated and brought up in their family, 3. numerous effects of something, 4. traits that you take after your parents, 5. something you do yourself child prodigy Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person who has significant innate talents, 2. the way someone is educated and brought up in their family, 3. numerous effects of something, 4. traits that you take after your parents, 5. something you do yourself child’s upbringing Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person who has significant innate talents, 2. the way someone is educated and brought up in their family, 3. numerous effects of something, 4. traits that you take after your parents, 5. something you do yourself firsthand experience Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person who has significant innate talents, 2. the way someone is educated and brought up in their family, 3. numerous effects of something, 4. traits that you take after your parents, 5. something you do yourself inherited factors Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a person who has significant innate talents, 2. the way someone is educated and brought up in their family, 3. numerous effects of something, 4. traits that you take after your parents, 5. something you do yourself

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 3

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Group the elements according to whether they refer to the notion of nature or nurture. 1. Nature: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. genetic disposition, 2. inherited factors, 3. influence of the parents’ genes, 4. innate talents, 5. quality education, 6. opportunities for achievement, 7. inborn traits, 8. interaction with others, 9. child’s upbringing, 10. firsthand experience 2. Nurture: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. genetic disposition, 2. inherited factors, 3. influence of the parents’ genes, 4. innate talents, 5. quality education, 6. opportunities for achievement, 7. inborn traits, 8. interaction with others, 9. child’s upbringing, 10. firsthand experience

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 4

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Choose the sentences that have the same meaning as the ones given.

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 5

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Match the expressions related to human development with their definitions. determined by nature Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. our surroundings, 2. innate things we have no control over, 3. shaped under impact of, 4. shaped by what we face in our lives, 5. things coded in our DNA forged by experiences Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. our surroundings, 2. innate things we have no control over, 3. shaped under impact of, 4. shaped by what we face in our lives, 5. things coded in our DNA heavily influenced by Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. our surroundings, 2. innate things we have no control over, 3. shaped under impact of, 4. shaped by what we face in our lives, 5. things coded in our DNA external factors Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. our surroundings, 2. innate things we have no control over, 3. shaped under impact of, 4. shaped by what we face in our lives, 5. things coded in our DNA genetic dispositions Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. our surroundings, 2. innate things we have no control over, 3. shaped under impact of, 4. shaped by what we face in our lives, 5. things coded in our DNA

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 6

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Translate the phrases in brackets connected with the concept of nature and nurture. Use 2 - 4 words in each gap. Many people believe that our personality traits come from our genes and so are 1. (zdeterminowane przez naturę) Tu uzupełnij. In fact, although our 2. (uwarunkowania genetyczne) Tu uzupełnij play an important role in our development, many of our skills and abilities are 3. (wytworzone przez doświadczenia) Tu uzupełnij after birth. What we can do and what we are like is heavily 4. (uwarunkowane zewnętrzymi czynnikami) Tu uzupełnij and not necessarily inherited from our parents.

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Exercise 7

What are three most surprising or important facts about the debate on nature vs. nurture that you have learned from the text and the multimedia? Why do you consider them surprising or important? Give three examples and discuss them in three sentences each.

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(Uzupełnij).

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

What really surprised me with regard to the debate on nature vs. nurture is that…

Also, I think it is important to notice that…

Finally, one of the examples used in the text drew my attention as important. The fact that…

What really surprised me with regard to the debate on nature vs. nurture is that the controversy has been going on for so many years. One of the factors considered as nature is genetics, so I thought the debate started with the discovery of the human genome. It struck me that the debate was already started by the Ancient Greeks!

Also, I think it is important to notice that there is actually no reason to debate on the subject of nature vs. nurture. This is because recent scientific discoveries prove that genetics and experience don’t compete to shape a human personality. In fact, they both play their important roles.

Finally, one of the examples used in the text drew my attention as important. The fact that some people who didn't enjoy certain activities as a child may develop an aversion to such activities as an adult is shockingly true. I wouldn’t like my child to one day hate football in the future only because I love it so much and want to play it in my spare minute!

Exercise 8

You have read an interesting article about the formation of human attitude by genetic and external factors. Write a post on your school blog in which you:

explain how genes affect us,
identify the role of the external environment on our functioning,
give an example of a trait that can be shaped by both genes and the environment in which we live,
justify which, in your opinion, shapes a person's attitude more: genes or nurture.

Your post should be 100–150 words long.

Exam tipazurewhite

Przeczytałeś/Przeczytałaś ciekawy artykuł na temat kształtowania postawy człowieka przez czynniki genetyczne i zewnętrzne. Napisz wpis na szkolnym blogu, w którym:

wyjaśnisz, jaki wpływ mają na nas geny;
określisz rolę środowiska zewnętrznego na nasze funkcjonowanie;
podasz przykład cechy, która może być ukształtowana zarówno przez geny, jak i środowisko, w którym przebywamy;
uzasadnisz, co – twoim zdaniem – bardziej kształtuje postawę człowieka: geny czy wychowanie.

Napisz swoją wypowiedź w języku angielskim. Podpisz się jako XYZ.

Rozwiń swoją wypowiedź w każdym z czterech podpunktów, tak aby osoba nieznająca polecenia w języku polskim uzyskała wszystkie wskazane w nim informacje. Pamiętaj, że długość wypowiedzi powinna wynosić od 100 do 150 wyrazów (nie licząc wyrazów podanych na początku wypowiedzi).

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(Uzupełnij).

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Hi there,

Recently I’ve read a lot about the influence of genes and environment on the way we are. I’d like to share some facts about it with you.

It turns out that… Some people take…after their parents, Unfortunately,...

Luckily, …There is/isn't…. Some scientists claim that… It seems that…

While your… certain features can change, If your parents…it doesn’t mean…

It seems to me that… The inborn trait…

I wonder what you think of that? I’m waiting for your comments!

Take care,

XYZ

Hi there,

Recently I’ve read a lot about the influence of genes and environment on the way we are. I’d really like to share some facts about it with you.

It turns out that genetics determines not only the way we look but also the way we behave. Some people take, e.g. patience after their parents. Unfortunately, some serious health conditions, such as obesity, might be passed on to us.

Luckily, there is some good news! There is no evidence that intelligence is inherited. Some scientists claim that proper upbringing and school education improve your thinking skills. It seems that certain skills might be influenced by the people we’re close to.

While your skin colour and height may be inherited from your parents, certain bodily features can also change. If your parents were fit and sporty, it doesn’t mean you will preserve their fitness if you neglect exercise!

It seems to me that everybody is determined by both nature and nurture equally. The inborn trait is often developed and improved by the environment we grow up in.

I wonder what you think of that? I’m waiting for your comments!
Take care,
XYZ

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