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Spreadsheet

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Arkusz kalkulacyjny

You will learn
  • the purpose of using a spreadsheet,

  • how to enter data in a worksheet,

  • what formulas are and how to use them,

  • what built‑in functions are available in a spreadsheet,

  • what types of charts can be inserted.

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nagranie abstraktu

spreadsheetspreadsheetspreadsheet is a programme which is used for entering and storing datadatadata, performing any types of calculations on them as well as presenting and analysing results. A spreadsheet may also refer to such an electronic document. A single, two‑dimensional array of data within a spreadsheet programme that contains data, their descriptions and the results of calculations is called a worksheet.

The spreadsheetspreadsheetspreadsheet enables to enter text, number or expression in every cell. Its another useful feature is performing calculations in a more convenient way than with the use of a calculator.

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nagranie abstraktu

You can enter various types of datadatadata in worksheet cells:

  • text – in the form of letters, symbols, words, units, formulas, sentences etc.,

  • numbers – in the form of integers, decimal numbers or percentages, as well as dates and time,

  • formulas – operations referring to the data in particular cells.

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nagranie abstraktu

Formulas enable performing calculations and other operations on the data in worksheet cells. Each formulaformulaformula begins with the equal sign (=), followed by numbers, references, calculation operators or built‑in functions.

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Ilustracja interaktywna prezentuje formułę równa się PI otwórz nawias zwykł, zamknij nawias zwykły gwiazdka A dwa daszek dwa. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. Function {audio}, 2. Reference {audio}, 3. Constant {audio}, 4. Operators {audio}.
The example of a formula.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Find the arithmetic operators used in your spreadsheetspreadsheetspreadsheet in the Help menu of the programme or on the Internet.

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nagranie abstraktu

Spreadsheets calculate a mathematical formulaformulaformula from left to right in accordance with the defined operator precedence. The order of operations in spreadsheets is the same as the order of operations generaly used in mathematics, which you have already learnt. You can change this order by using parentheses. In spreadsheets you cannot use brackets, which you have learnt during your mathematical lessons.

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nagranie abstraktu

A formula can be entered in a worksheet by using one of the three methods:

  • you can type it with the keyboard,

  • you can enter references in the formula by selecting cells with the mouse,

  • you can enter references in the formula by selecting cells with the arrow keys.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Insert the value 10 in cell A1. Enter the formulaformulaformula =A1+100 in cell B1 by using all the above methods.

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nagranie abstraktu

Every spreadsheet offers hundreds of built‑in functions. They are usually categorized by their functionality. The functions in a given category are sorted alphabetically. Each of them is described briefly. You can insert the functionfunctionfunction which you want to apply by using the function wizard or by typing the entire function in a cell with the keyboard.

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The function categories in Excel
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The functionfunctionfunction wizard enables to search for a function and to select it and then to enter all needed arguments.

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Entering function arguments
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

List function categories in your spreadsheetspreadsheetspreadsheet.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Create the worksheet presented in the illustration. In the orange cells calculate the values by using functions inserted with the function wizard.

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Using functions in Excel
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

In order to insert a functionfunctionfunction with the keyboard, you have to know its name. During typing the formulaformulaformula, Excel prompts the function syntax. The general form of a formula containing a function looks as follows:

=FUNCTION.NAME(ARG1,ARG2,…,ARGN)

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

In the worksheet presented in the previous illustration fill in the green cells by typing the function with the keyboard. This time use the range A1:D1 instead of the yellow range of arguments A1:F1.

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nagranie abstraktu

You can format worksheet cells by using three methods:

  • the pop‑up menu,

  • the Format menu in the Cells group on the Home tab,

  • using built‑in styles in the Styles group on the Home tab.

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Pokaz slajdów - formatowanie danych w arkuszu kalkulacyjnym. Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

DatadataData presented in the form of a table may be unclear, difficult to compare or simply boring, especially if their number is high. Therefore one of the functions of a spreadsheetspreadsheetspreadsheet is the feature of presenting results in a graphical form – as a chartchartchart.

Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

Find the types of charts that can be inserted in your spreadsheet in the Help menu of the programme or on the Internet.

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nagranie abstraktu

Formulas enable performing calculations and other operations on datadatadata in worksheet cells. You can type them with the keyboard or enter references with the mouse or the arrow keys.

Functions in a spreadsheetspreadsheetspreadsheet are categorized by their functionality and sorted alphabetically. You can insert a function with the keyboard, the same as formulas, or by using the functionfunctionfunction wizard.

You can format worksheet cells by using built‑in styles, the Format menu in the Cells group on the Home tab or the pop‑up menu.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Identify true sentences about formulas: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. They can be inserted with the keyboard., 2. They cannot be inserted with the keyboard., 3. They enable performing calculations., 4. Each formula begins with the equal sign (=)., 5. Each formula begins with the hashtag (#).
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: You can insert the following data in a spreadsheet: Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. words, 2. dates, 3. images, 4. symbols, 5. sounds, 6. equations
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 3

Describe in English how you can format cells in your spreadsheet.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. formuła - formula, 2. wykres - chart, 3. dane - data, 4. formatowanie - formatting, 5. funkcje - spreadsheet, 6. arkusz kalkulacyjny - functions
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

chart
chart

wykres

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wymowa w języku angielskim: chart
data
data

dane

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wymowa w języku angielskim: data
formatting
formatting

formatowanie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: formatting
formula
formula

formuła

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wymowa w języku angielskim: formula
function
function

funkcja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: function
spreadsheet
spreadsheet

arkusz kalkulacyjny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: spreadsheet

Keywords

chartchartchart

datadatadata

formulaformulaformula

spreadsheetspreadsheetspreadsheet