Ilustracja przedstawiająca hiszpańskiego konkwistadora. Jest on ubrany w typowy strój do walki. Na głowie ma wielki, metalowy hełm. Widać również zbroję na jego tułowiu, przepasaną szablę na biodrze. w ręku trzyma drewnianą dzidę. Na plecach worek z niezbędnymi przyborami.
Illustration of a Spanish conquistador
Source: Pierre Bertin, licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0.
Before the arrival of Europeans in South and Central America, the Mayan, Inca and Aztec tribal states were established and developed. The Indians lived in magnificent and rich stone cities. These states were conquered by European conquerors, i.e. conquistadors, mainly Spaniards and Portuguese.
The conquistadors dominated over the Indians militarily, because they had firearms and horses at their disposal (the Indians did not invent gunpowder and did not domesticate the horses). Local culture was destroyed. The Indians were pushed into a subordinate role in their own state, they were ruthlessly exploited and forced to convert to Christianity. They died on a massive scale from illnesses brought by Europeans. A stream of bullion (gold and silver) and previously unknown crops flowed into Europe. This led to the economic recovery of the Old World.
Task 1
Korzystając z dostępnych źródeł, sprawdź, jakie rejony Ameryki zamieszkiwali Majowie, Inkowie i Aztekowie.
Korzystając z dostępnych źródeł, sprawdź, jakie rejony Ameryki zamieszkiwali Majowie, Inkowie i Aztekowie.
Indicate the areas inhabited by the Aztecs, Mayas and Incas.
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Grafika mapy przedstawiającej amerykańskie cywilizacje prekolumbijskie. Kolorem różowym wyraźnie oznaczone Imperium Inków.
Pre-Colombian American civilizations
Source: Krystian Chariza i zespół.
Exercise 1
Poszukaj informacji w dostępnych ci źródłach (np. w internecie, encyklopedii lub specjalistycznych publikacjach) na temat Machu Picchu, Tenochtitlan oraz Świątyni Palenque.
Poszukaj informacji w dostępnych ci źródłach (np. w internecie, encyklopedii lub specjalistycznych publikacjach) na temat Machu Picchu, Tenochtitlan oraz Świątyni Palenque.
Look at the pictures and then do the exercise.
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Fotografia barwna przedstawiająca Machu Picchu. Na wzniesieniu liczne zabudowania. Wokół góry.
Machu Picchu
Source: Martin St-Amant, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Fotografia barwna przedstawiająca Tenochtitlan. Wielkie rozbudowane miasto, w tle wysokie góry.
Tenochtitlan
Source: Wolfgang Sauber, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Fotografia barwna przedstawiająca Świątynię Palenque. Ma kształt piramidy, prowadzi do niej wiele schodów. Wokół zasadzone drzewa i bujna roślinność.
Temple of Palenque
Source: licencja: CC 0.
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Ćwiczenie znajdź informacje, z czego i jak budowali Majowie, Inkowie i Aztekowie.
Ćwiczenie znajdź informacje, z czego i jak budowali Majowie, Inkowie i Aztekowie.
Determine whether the sentences are true or false.
Indians built cities out of wood because they had plenty of wood., Indians were able to build bridges., Indian cities were also built high in the mountains., Indians erected buildings mainly of stone., Indians were good engineers., Of the Indian tribes, only the Mayans knew how to erect buildings., Indians did not know the cities and lived in small villages.
true
false
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Spanish people, greedy for the riches of the Indians, set off to conquer their continent. The conquest was facilitated thanks to the use of firearms and horses, which were not known and feared by the Indians. They destroyed the achievements of the Indian states, murdered local people or forced them to work hard.
Exercise 2
Here is an extract from the diary of one of the Spanish soldiers who conquered the Aztecs’ state. Read the text and do the exercises.
Bernal Diaz del CastilloPamiętnik żołnierza Corteza czyli prawdziwa historia podboju Nowej Hiszpanii
A true story of the conquer of New Spain by Cortés - a diary of a soldier
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Ilustracja barwna przedstawiająca mapę miasta na wyspie Tenochtitlán i zatoki Meksyku wykonanego przez jednego z ludzi Cortesa.
Map of the island city Tenochtitlán and Mexico gulf made by one of Cortés' men
When we saw those towns and villages floating on water, and other big cities on land [...] we stood in awe. [...] These big cities and pyramids, and buildings coming up from water, all made of stone, seemed to us like a magical vision. [...] Today though, everything I have seen once, is ruined and destroyed. Not a stone was left behind.
castillo Source: Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Pamiętnik żołnierza Corteza czyli prawdziwa historia podboju Nowej Hiszpanii, Łódź 1986.
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The author was delighted with the view of ... Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Aztec cities., 2. European cities., 3. Inca cities.
The author was delighted with the view of ... Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Aztec cities., 2. European cities., 3. Inca cities.
The author was delighted with the view of ...
Aztec cities.
European cities.
Inca cities.
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Spanish soldiers... Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. saw the cities from a distance and went back to their own country., 2. tore down the Aztecs’ cities., 3. took care of the buildings.
Spanish soldiers... Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. saw the cities from a distance and went back to their own country., 2. tore down the Aztecs’ cities., 3. took care of the buildings.
Spanish soldiers...
saw the cities from a distance and went back to their own country.
tore down the Aztecs’ cities.
took care of the buildings.
Exercise 3
Korzystając z dostępnych źródeł, znajdź informacje na temat podboju Ameryki przez Hiszpanów.
Korzystając z dostępnych źródeł, znajdź informacje na temat podboju Ameryki przez Hiszpanów.
Look at the illustrations showing the conquest of America by the Spaniards and then do the exercise.
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Obraz przedstawiający podbój Tenochtitlana.
Conquest of Tenochtitlan
Source: domena publiczna.
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Ilustracja przedstawiająca Świątynię Palenque.
Temple of Palenque
Source: domena publiczna.
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Wyjaśnij kluczowe pojęcia związane z tematem abstraktu.
Wyjaśnij kluczowe pojęcia związane z tematem abstraktu.
Why was it so easy for Spaniards to conquer the discovered lands?
Spaniards had horses which were not domesticated by Indians.
Indians did not have armors.
Indians did not want to fight against the Spaniards.
Spaniards knew firearms...
Spaniards were better armed.
Task 2
Co myślisz o chrystianizacji Indian?
Co myślisz o chrystianizacji Indian?
Think about the event shown in the illustration. Tell about it.
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Ilustracja przedstawiająca jak misjonarze chrzczą indiańskie niemowlę.
Missionaries baptize an Indian infant
Source: domena publiczna.
1
Task 3
Read the calendar of geographical discoveries.
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Geographical discoveries 1492 Christopher Columbus’ first expedition The expedition lasted two months. Initially, the expedition probably landed on Watling Island in the Bahamas., 1501 Brazil discovered Amerigo Vespucci discovers the coast of Brazil., 1513 Crossing of the New World Vasco Balboa is the first European to cross the New World and see the Pacific Ocean., 1519 - 1524 Conquering of the Aztecs The beginning of the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Ferdinand Cortez., 1522 Confirmation of sphericity The end of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition finally confirming the sphericity of the Earth., 1531 - 1536 Conquering of the Incas The beginning of the Inca conquest by Francisco Pizarro., 1548 Conquest's end The end of the conquest of South America by Spaniards.
Geographical discoveries 1492 Christopher Columbus’ first expedition The expedition lasted two months. Initially, the expedition probably landed on Watling Island in the Bahamas., 1501 Brazil discovered Amerigo Vespucci discovers the coast of Brazil., 1513 Crossing of the New World Vasco Balboa is the first European to cross the New World and see the Pacific Ocean., 1519 - 1524 Conquering of the Aztecs The beginning of the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Ferdinand Cortez., 1522 Confirmation of sphericity The end of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition finally confirming the sphericity of the Earth., 1531 - 1536 Conquering of the Incas The beginning of the Inca conquest by Francisco Pizarro., 1548 Conquest's end The end of the conquest of South America by Spaniards.
Source: Sebastiano del Piombo, domena publiczna.
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Exercise 4
The following was imported to Europe: from Asia Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. tea, 2. cocoa, 3. corn, 4. tomatoes, 5. rice, 6. seasonings, 7. gold, 8. potatoes, 9. coffee, 10. sugar, 11. silver, 12. silk from America Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. tea, 2. cocoa, 3. corn, 4. tomatoes, 5. rice, 6. seasonings, 7. gold, 8. potatoes, 9. coffee, 10. sugar, 11. silver, 12. silk
The following was imported to Europe: from Asia Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. tea, 2. cocoa, 3. corn, 4. tomatoes, 5. rice, 6. seasonings, 7. gold, 8. potatoes, 9. coffee, 10. sugar, 11. silver, 12. silk from America Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. tea, 2. cocoa, 3. corn, 4. tomatoes, 5. rice, 6. seasonings, 7. gold, 8. potatoes, 9. coffee, 10. sugar, 11. silver, 12. silk
Positive and negative effects of the conquest of the New World. Match to the appropriate group. positive Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Economic and social exploitation of new lands., 2. Development of slavery., 3. Confirmation of the sphericity of Earth., 4. Diseases and epidemics in the New World., 5. New sales markets., 6. Development of European countries., 7. Development of science and technology., 8. Development of buccaneering., 9. Broadening of horizons., 10. New trade routes., 11. Destructive activity of conquistadors., 12. Death of millions of indigenous people., 13. Duality in the economic development of Europe., 14. Discovery of new species of plants, animals and raw materials., 15. Destruction and degradation of the cultures of the New World's inhabitants. negative Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Economic and social exploitation of new lands., 2. Development of slavery., 3. Confirmation of the sphericity of Earth., 4. Diseases and epidemics in the New World., 5. New sales markets., 6. Development of European countries., 7. Development of science and technology., 8. Development of buccaneering., 9. Broadening of horizons., 10. New trade routes., 11. Destructive activity of conquistadors., 12. Death of millions of indigenous people., 13. Duality in the economic development of Europe., 14. Discovery of new species of plants, animals and raw materials., 15. Destruction and degradation of the cultures of the New World's inhabitants.
Positive and negative effects of the conquest of the New World. Match to the appropriate group. positive Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Economic and social exploitation of new lands., 2. Development of slavery., 3. Confirmation of the sphericity of Earth., 4. Diseases and epidemics in the New World., 5. New sales markets., 6. Development of European countries., 7. Development of science and technology., 8. Development of buccaneering., 9. Broadening of horizons., 10. New trade routes., 11. Destructive activity of conquistadors., 12. Death of millions of indigenous people., 13. Duality in the economic development of Europe., 14. Discovery of new species of plants, animals and raw materials., 15. Destruction and degradation of the cultures of the New World's inhabitants. negative Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Economic and social exploitation of new lands., 2. Development of slavery., 3. Confirmation of the sphericity of Earth., 4. Diseases and epidemics in the New World., 5. New sales markets., 6. Development of European countries., 7. Development of science and technology., 8. Development of buccaneering., 9. Broadening of horizons., 10. New trade routes., 11. Destructive activity of conquistadors., 12. Death of millions of indigenous people., 13. Duality in the economic development of Europe., 14. Discovery of new species of plants, animals and raw materials., 15. Destruction and degradation of the cultures of the New World's inhabitants.
Positive and negative effects of the conquest of the New World. Match to the appropriate group.
Death of millions of indigenous people., Destructive activity of conquistadors., Destruction and degradation of the cultures of the New World's inhabitants., Economic and social exploitation of new lands., Development of slavery., Development of science and technology., New sales markets., New trade routes., Confirmation of the sphericity of Earth., Broadening of horizons., Duality in the economic development of Europe., Discovery of new species of plants, animals and raw materials., Diseases and epidemics in the New World., Development of European countries., Development of buccaneering.
positive
negative
Keywords
geographical discoveries, conquistador, Indians, New World
konkwistador – hiszpański zdobywca, którego celem było podbicie i zagarnięcie terenów w Nowym Świecie. Ich celem była walka z niewiernymi i rozszerzanie wpływów monarchii.
misja – działalność przedstawicieli jakiejś religii (misjonarzy) w celu rozpowszechnienia swoich wierzeń. Misją nazywano również placówkę prowadząca taką działalność.
