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The cubic equations in the factored form

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Równania stopnia trzeciego w postaci iloczynu

Learning objectives

You will get to know the method of writing cubic equations in the factored form.

You will get to know the method of solving equations written in the factored form.

Learning effect

  • You will learn how to write cubic equations in the factored form.

  • You will learn how to solve equations written in the factored form.

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nagranie abstraktu

Put the most important information about equations and techniques of solving them in order. In particular, recollect the equivalent equations method and the ancients’ method of analysis (analisis antiquorum).

The aim of the class will be solving cubic equationscubic equationcubic equations written in the factored form.

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nagranie abstraktu

The teacher informs the students that the aim of the class will be solving cubic equationscubic equationcubic equations written in the factored form.

Find the definition of the cubic equationcubic equationcubic equation in any available sources.

cubic equation
Definition: cubic equation

The cubic equationcubic equationcubic equation is the equationequationequation that can be transformed equivalently to the form ax3+bx2+cx+d=0, where a0.

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nagranie abstraktu

Analyse the applet. Pay special attention to the number of roots of the cubic equationcubic equationcubic equation. Formulate a conclusion.

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nagranie abstraktu

Geogebra – graphs of the function y=ax3+bx2+cx+d depending on the value of the coefficients.

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Aplet geogebry - Wykresy funkcji wielomianowej trzeciego stopnia. Poniżej znajduje się galeria będąca wersją alternatywną dla aplikacji.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The conclusion
Every cubic equationcubic equationcubic equation with real coefficients has at least one real root.

Using the information, solve the tasks.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Solve the equations:

  1. x3+125=0,

  2. 3x3+192=0.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Solve the equations:

  1. 4-xx+52x-3=0,

  2. 2x3-4x2-5x+10=0,

  3. x3-4x=7x2-28.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

What are the relations between coefficients a, b, c, d of the equationequationequation ax3+bx2+cx+d=0 if numbers 1 and -1 are the roots of this equationequationequation?

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Check which of the numbers -3, -1, 1 makes the equationequationequation x3+8x2+17x+6=0.

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Find number a, knowing that number 3 is the root of equationequationequation x3+ax2-5x+6=0.

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nagranie abstraktu

Think about what is the simplest method of solving the cubic equationcubic equationcubic equation? Notice that the simplest method is factorizing the equationequationequation to the maximum of the second degree.

Use this method to solve the tasks.

Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

Give the largest of numbers being the roots of the equationroots of the equationroots of the equation

a) x-4x+10x-2=0,

b) x3+49x=0,

c) x3+2x2-16x-32=0.

Task 7
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nagranie abstraktu

For which values of number p, (pR) equation (x-3)[x2-2(2p+1)x+(p+2)2]=0 has two different solutions.

Task 8
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nagranie abstraktu

Extra task:

The length of the edges of a cuboid, coming from one vertex, is expressed with natural numbers and equals x+1, x, x-1. The volume of the cuboid equals 120. Find the sum of the lengths of the cuboid edges coming from one vertex.

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nagranie abstraktu

Having finished all the tasks, do the consolidation tasks. Formulate the conclusions to be remembered.

  • The cubic equationcubic equationcubic equation is the equationequationequation that can be transformed equivalently to the form ax3+bx2+cx+d=0, where a0.

  • Every cubic equationcubic equationcubic equation with real coefficients has at least one real root.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Two roots of equation x3=14x belong to range 〈0,1〉., 2. The root of equation x3+4x-2x2-8=0 is number 2., 3. The only roots of equation x3-5x2+7x-3=0 are numbers {1, 3}., 4. The solution of equation 4x3-108=0 is number -3., 5. Equation (x-2)2(5x+m)=0 has only one solution for m which equals -10.
Rzadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

If to the cube of a given number we add this number decreased by 2 we will get 0. Find this number.

Exercise 3

Describe in English how to find the roots of equation 3x3-125=0.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. równanie - equation, 2. równanie trzeciego stopnia - cubic equation, 3. pierwiastki równania - roots of the equation, 4. liczba pierwiastków równania - number of roots of the equation, 5. rozkład na czynniki - graph of the cubic function, 6. wykres funkcji trzeciego stopnia - factorization
Rzadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

cubic equation
cubic equation

równanie trzeciego stopnia

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wymowa w języku angielskim: cubic equation
equation
equation

równanie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: equation
factorization
factorization

rozkład na czynniki

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wymowa w języku angielskim: factorization
graph of the cubic function
graph of the cubic function

wykres funkcji trzeciego stopnia

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wymowa w języku angielskim: graph of the cubic function
number of roots of the equation
number of roots of the equation

liczba pierwiastków równania

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wymowa w języku angielskim: number of roots of the equation
roots of the equation
roots of the equation

pierwiastki równania

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wymowa w języku angielskim: roots of the equation

Keywords

equationequationequation

cubic equationcubic equationcubic equation

roots of the equationroots of the equationroots of the equation

number of roots of the equationnumber of roots of the equationnumber of roots of the equation

factorizationfactorizationfactorization