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Vertebrates

Kręgowce
Source: licencja: CC 0.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • that there are many different animals in our surroundings;

  • which animals are bred by people;

  • that certain animals have common traits, for example, all birds have feathers and wings.

You will learn
  • to recognise which group a given animal belongs to based on its internal structure;

  • to name the groups of animals occurring in Poland and give examples of them;

  • to explain that the differences in animals' structure are a result of adapting to their environment;

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nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu

Less numerous than invertebrates, but usually significantly larger, are vertebratesvertebratesvertebrates. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals belong to this group. Their common trait is an internal skeleton in which a skull, which protects the brain, can be distinguished alongside a spine built of numerous vertebrae.

Examples of vertebrates
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Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia zbiór fotografii kręgowców występujących w Polsce: zająca, sikorki, myszołowa, nietoperza - borowca wielkiego, żaby śmieszki, ropuchy szarej, jaszczurki zwinki, okonia, zaskrońca, płoci. Do każdej fotografii podano opis: 1. Brown hare- Thebrown hare – occurs in open terrain: fields and meadows. It appears rarely in large forests. It is exclusively herbivorous., 2. Great tit The great tit– occurs in forests, parks, gardens and orchards. In winter it can be found at bird feeders. Protected., 3. Buzzard- The buzzard – a large bird of prey. It is one of the most commonly sighted birds while travelling by car, as it sits on roadside trees and posts. Protected., 4. Common noctule -The common noctule- forests are its natural environment, and it can also be sighted near human settlements, and even in cities. It feeds on insects, which it catches in flight. Protected., 5. Marsh frog- The marsh frog - occurs throughout the lowland areas in Poland, and can most often be found near large bodies of water. Protected., 6. Common toad - The common toad- can be found in forests, in fields and in gardens. It avoids very dry or wet terrain. Protected., 7. Sand lizard- The sand lizard - can most frequently be found in allotment gardens, in meadows, and in rocky terrains, basking in the sun. It is very thermophillic. Protected., 8. Perch The perch- a predatory fish, which occurs in flowing waters, still waters and also in brackish coastal waters., 9. Grass snake -The grass snake - can be found in wet, swampy areas near lakes. It can swim and dive very well. Protected., 10. Roach- The roach- feeds on both plant and animal matter, occurs in all fresh waters, and also in the Baltic's coastal waters.
Species of vertebrates occurring in Poland
Source: Asier Sarasua Aranberri, Barracuda1983, Christian Fischer, ErikaWittlieb, Insubria, Karelj, Karol Nicinski (Bzdykol), Marcin Moga, hedera.baltica, GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 1
Identify the organisms that are vertebrates. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Amphibians, 2. Birds, 3. Annelids, 4. Arachnids

Summary

  • The main groups of vertebrates are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Homework
Task 1.1

Give examples of animals bred by people belonging to the following groups: arthropods, molluscs, fish, birds and mammals. Give reasons why people breed these animals.

Keywords

vertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Glossary

vertebrates
vertebrates
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nagranie dźwiękowe słówka

kręgowce – zwierzęta posiadające wewnętrzny szkielet złożony z kręgosłupa i czaszki