The world consists of atoms
that everything that surrounds us is made of materials;
that we see a lot of different materials in our environment.
describe the structure of matter and all the substances that make up the world around us;
present substances as a collection of various particles;
correctly use the terms „particle”, „atom”, „molecule”;
depict the molecular structure of matter on the model.
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Atoms – building blocks of the world
Every day we use many different materials, which gradually wear out. For example, a knife that is often used is blunted and its blade decreases over time. What happened to the rest? Has it disappeared?
Let's take a copper wire: if we cut it, we'll get filings that can be crushed even further. We will get then particlesparticles so small that they can not be seen even under a microscope. These particles are atomsatoms or molecules.
How many atoms are there?
How small are atoms? What sizes do they have?The dot at the end of the sentence in the book is made of around one hundred billion atoms in the ink. If each of them had a diameter of a millimeter, then arranged one after the other would create a line of a hundred thousand kilometers long. This line would surround the whole Earth 2.5 times!
We know a little over 100 different atoms. Atoms of one type have the same properties. A substance consisting of atoms of one kind is called a element. Copper atoms form a copper plaque, and carbon atoms - pencil graphite.
Atoms often merge into groups called moleculesmolecules. This type of particles consists, for example, of water, each molecule being made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, or sugar, the particles of which are made up of three kinds of atoms – carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Connect in pairs.
each molecule being made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, consists of molecules built of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms, composed of molecules composed of two atoms
| oxygen | |
| sugar | |
| water |
Indicate which sentences are true and which are false.
| True | False | |
| There is only one kind of atoms and it builds the entire surrounding world. | □ | □ |
| Atoms of different kinds are building blocks forming the whole world around us. | □ | □ |
| An attempt to divide, fragmentation of any object or material eventually leads us to smaller and smaller elements of their construction - particles. | □ | □ |
| There are as many kinds of atoms as we know the types of substances. | □ | □ |
| Atoms often combine into small groups called molecules. | □ | □ |
Janek decided to make models of particles of chestnut substances. He decided that each chestnut would be a model of a single atom. Then Janek collected in three boxes: Box 1. Single chestnuts, Box 2. Chestnuts joined together two together (for joining Janek used matches), Box 3. Chestnuts glued together three times. The correct model of the substance built of molecules is presented by Janek
- in box 1 and 2.
- only in the box 3.
- only in the box 2.
- in boxes 2 and 3.
Summary
All objects that surround us consist of very small, invisible elements - atoms or molecules (groups of atoms), which we call particles.
The particles can be atoms or groups of atoms, which we call molecules.
Try to find on the Internet and other sources information about how the existence of different atoms was discovered.
Keywords
atom, molecule, particles
Glossary
atom – podstawowy składnik materii, którego nie da się rozłożyć na prostsze elementy, mające takie same właściwości, jak cały atom
cząsteczka – drobina zbudowana z kilku połączonych ze sobą atomów
drobiny – dowolne elementy tworzące substancję, czyli atomy lub cząsteczki