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Properties of similarity

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Własności podobieństwa

Learning objectives

Using relations between perimeters and areas of similar figures.

Learning effect

  • You use relations between perimeters and areas of similar figures.

  • You communicate in English, develop basic mathematical, computer and scientific competences, develop learning skills.

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nagranie abstraktu

Think if in triangles of similar heights, the medians and bisectors of one triangle are proportional to the height, medians and bisectors of the second triangle in the same ratio k.

Conclusion:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • The particular sections of one triangle (heights, medians, bisector sections, etc.) are proportional to the corresponding segments of the second triangle in the same ratio k.

Task 1

The triangle ABC with sides a, b, c is given and the triangle A'B'C' is similar to it on the ratio k.
Designate:

  1. The ratio of the perimeterperimeterperimeter of triangle A'B'C' to the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the triangle ABC.

  2. The ratio of the areaareaarea of triangle A'B'C 'to the area of triangle ABC.

Prove:

  1. The relation between the perimeters of two similar triangles.

  2. The relation between the areas of similar triangles.

Think - Can the proved relations for perimeters and areas of similar triangles be applicable to any similar figure? How?

Analyze the relations between the areas of similar figuressimilar figuressimilar figures.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the Geogebra applet: „The scale of similarity and the areas of figures”. Analyze the relations between squares, similar triangles, similar polygons, and circles. Formulate the conclusion in the form of a theorem.

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Geogebra aplet - Skala podobieństwa a pola figur. Galeria z opisami alternatywnymi poniżej.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

Theorem – Perimeters and areaareaarea of similar figuressimilar figuressimilar figures.

Perimeters and area of similar figures
Rule: Perimeters and area of similar figures

If figure F' is similar to figure F on the ratio k, then the ratio of their perimeters is equal to k, and the ratio of areas is equal to kIndeks górny 2.

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nagranie abstraktu

Solve the tasks, then present solutions and explain doubts.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

In the triangle ABC, a straight line parallel to the base has been led so that the areaareaarea of the cut triangle is 8 times larger than the rest of the triangle ABC. The perimeters of ABC triangle is 27. Calculate the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the cut triangle.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

In the ABCD trapezium, the AC and BD diagonals intersect at the point S. The areaareaarea of ASB triangle is 9, and the area of CSD triangle is equal to 4. Calculate the areaareaarea of the trapezium.

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

In rhombusrhombusrhombus ABCD diagonals have lengths of 12 cm and 6 cm, respectively. The areaareaarea of ABCD rhombusrhombusrhombus similar to A'B'C'D' is equal to 72 cmIndeks górny 2. Find diagonal lengths in A'B'C'D' rhombus.

Task 6

An extra task:

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nagranie abstraktu

The diagonals of the trapezium divide it into four triangles. Prove that the areaareaarea of the trapezium is equal S1+S22 where S1 and S2 are the triangles containing the trapezium bases.

Remember:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • If figure F' is similar to figure F on the scale k, then the ratio of the perimeterperimeterperimeter of figure F' to the perimeter of figure F is k, and the ratio of their areas is equal to kIndeks górny 2.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: The triangle A'B'C' is similar to the triangle ABC on the ratio k = 1,5. Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The perimeter of triangle A'B'C' is 1,5 times smaller than the perimeter of the triangle ABC., 2. The area of triangle A'B'C' is the 94 area of the triangle ABC., 3. The height of the triangle ABC is 23 of the height in triangle A'B'C'.
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Exercise 2
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Trapeziums A'B'C'D' and ABCD are similar, their areas are equal to 144 cm2 and 36 cm2, respectively. The diagonal A'C'. Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Is four times longer than the diagonal AC., 2. Is twice as long as the diagonal AC., 3. It is twice shorter than the diagonal AC., 4. Is three times longer than the diagonal AC.
Exercise 3

All circles are similar. What is the similarity ratio of two circles? What is an area ratio of circles?

Write down your answer in English.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. figury podobne - similar figures, 2. skala podobieństwa - similarity ratio, 3. obwód - perimeter, 4. pole - area, 5. romb - perimeter, 6. pole - ratio of area
Rzadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

area
area

pole

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wymowa w języku angielskim: area
perimeter
perimeter

obwód

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wymowa w języku angielskim: perimeter
ratio of area
ratio of area

stosunek pól

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wymowa w języku angielskim: ratio of area
rhombus
rhombus

romb

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wymowa w języku angielskim: rhombus
similar figures
similar figures

figury podobne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: similar figures
similarity ratio
similarity ratio

skala podobieństwa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: similarity ratio

Keywords

areaareaarea

perimeterperimeterperimeter - suma długości boków wielokąta

ratio of arearatio of arearatio of area

similar figuressimilar figuressimilar figures - figury, które mają ten sam kształt, ale mogą różnić się wielkością

similarity ratiosimilarity ratiosimilarity ratio