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Simplifying and extending common fractions

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Skracanie i rozszerzanie ułamków zwykłych

Learning objectives

You will learn to simplify and extend common fractions and find the common denominator.

Learning effect

  • You simplify and extend common fractions.

  • You compare common fractions.

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nagranie abstraktu

Revise how to compare two common fractions of the same numerators or denominators.

  • If two fractions have equal denominators, then the one that has a greater numeratornumeratornumerator is greater.

  • If two fractions have equal numerators, then the one that has smaller denominatordenominatordenominator is greater.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Analyse the solution of the task. Pay attention to the following drawings. What can you notice?

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Boys ordered three identical pizzas. Marek divided his into sixteen equal parts and ate four of them. Darek divided his into eight equal parts and ate two. Tomek divided his into four equal parts and ate one part. Which one of the boys has the most pizza left?

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Conclusions:

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nagranie abstraktu

Boys have the same amount of pizza left, then: 1216=68=34. If we divide the numeratornumeratornumerator and the denominatordenominatordenominator by the same numbersame numbersame number, different than zero, then the value of the fraction doesn’t change.

1216=12:216:2=68=6:28:2=34

This operation is called simplifying the fractionsimplifying the fractionsimplifying the fraction.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet and see when you can simplify the fraction.

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Aplet geogebry: Skracanie ułamków zwykłych. Poniżej znajduje się galeria ilustracji stanowiących alternatywę dla apletu.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Conclusion:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • We can simplify a common fraction, if its numeratornumeratornumerator and denominatordenominatordenominator have a common divisor, greater than 1.

  • The fractions that cannot be simplified are called reduced fractions.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Simplify the following common fractions to obtain reduced fractions: 1830, 1288, 1545, 2436.

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Compare the coloured parts of equal rectangles.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Conclusions:

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nagranie abstraktu

The coloured part is the same in both rectangles, so: 23=46. This operation is called extending the fractionextending the fractionextending the fraction.

23=2·23·2=46
Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet and see what is extending fractions.

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Aplet geogebry: Rozszerzanie ułamków zwykłych. Poniżej znajduje się galeria ilustracji stanowiących alternatywę dla apletu.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Conclusions:

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nagranie abstraktu

Extending fractions is multiplying the numeratornumeratornumerator and denominatordenominatordenominator by the same numbersame numbersame number, greater than 1. The value of the extended fraction doesn’t change.

Task 7
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nagranie abstraktu

Extend each of the fractions 12,312,1518,34 to have the denominatordenominatordenominator equal 36.

Task 8
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nagranie abstraktu

Extend the common fractions so that they have the same numeratorsame numeratorsame numerator or denominator. Then compare them, using the rules from the beginning of the class.

  • 23 and 56

  • 47 and 811

  • 23 and 57

Task 9

An extra task:

Kasia and Basia were both reading the same book that has 140 pages. On Saturday Kasia read 27 of the book and Basia 30 pages. Write the part of book that Basia read in the form of reduced fractionreduced fractionreduced fraction. Which girl read greater part of the book?

Remember

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nagranie abstraktu
  • To simplify a fraction, we have to divide the numeratornumeratornumeratorand denominatordenominatordenominator by the same numbersame numbersame number, greater than 1.

  • We can simplify a common fraction, if its numerator and denominator have a common divisor, greater than 1.

  • The fractions that cannot be simplified, they are called reduced fractions.

  • Extending fractions is multiplying the numerator and denominator by the same number, greater than 1.

Do the revision exercises.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Decide which expressions are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 312=14, 2. 40100=25, 3. 1824=34, 4. 312=13, 5. 3045=25, 6. 1628=23
Exercise 2

There are five reduced fractions below. Write them down.

115,721,15,624,35,48,23,1025,516,410,820,1027.

Exercise 3

Compare common fractions 58 and 37.

Describe in English each steps performer to do the task.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. skracanie ułamka - simplifying the fraction, 2. rozszerzanie ułamka - extending the fraction, 3. ułamek nieskracalny - reduced fraction, 4. porównywanie ułamków - comparing fractions, 5. licznik - denominator, 6. mianownik - numinator
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

comparing fractions
comparing fractions

porównywanie ułamków

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wymowa w języku angielskim: comparing fractions
denominator
denominator

mianownik

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wymowa w języku angielskim: denominator
extending the fraction
extending the fraction

rozszerzanie ułamka

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wymowa w języku angielskim: extending the fraction
numerator
numerator

licznik

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wymowa w języku angielskim: numerator
reduced fraction
reduced fraction

ułamek nieskracalny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: reduced fraction
same denominator
same denominator

jednakowy mianownik

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wymowa w języku angielskim: same denominator
same number
same number

taka sama liczba

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wymowa w języku angielskim: same number
same numerator
same numerator

jednakowy licznik

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wymowa w języku angielskim: same numerator
simplifying the fraction
simplifying the fraction

skracanie ułamka

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wymowa w języku angielskim: simplifying the fraction

Keywords

comparing fractionscomparing fractionscomparing fractions

extending the fractionextending the fractionextending the fraction

reduced fractionreduced fractionreduced fraction

simplifying the fractionsimplifying the fractionsimplifying the fraction